Benzene and lead exposure assessment among occupational bus drivers in Bangkok traffic

IntroductionAirpollutionproblemsasaresultoffastgrowthinthetotalnumberofvehiclesinurbancitiesareontheincrease .PreliminaryepidemiologicalexposureassessmentsuggestthatthedetrimentaleffectofairpollutiongeneratedbyvehiculartrafficindevelopingcitieslikeBangkok…     

催化氧化处理苯化工装置和罐区含氮挥发性有机物废气

采用自行研制的WSH-2N型蜂窝状Pt-Pd-Ce催化剂,对某企业苯胺、硝基苯等生产装置和罐区的含氮挥发性有机物(NVOCs)废气进行集中处理,考察了废气处理工业装置的运行效果。在小型装置上处理后总烃去除率大于97%,净化气总烃质量浓度小于20 mg/m~3,NO_x质量浓度小于30 mg/m~3,苯胺、硝基苯中氮转化为N2的选择性大于95%。20 000 Nm~3/h催化氧化处理装置生产运行和性能考核表明,苯化工装置和罐区VOCs废气经过催化氧化处理,非甲烷总烃去除率大于99%;净化气中非甲烷总烃质量浓度小于10 mg/m~3,苯、苯胺、硝基苯、环己烷等有机特征污染物均低于检出限,NO_x的质量浓度小于10 mg/m~3。     

粗 苯 泄 漏 污 染 事 故 应 急 监 测

介绍了合界高速"9.01"粗苯泄漏污染事故中,正确启动应急监测预案,第一时间采集水、气样品并及时分析监测,为污染事故的处置提供了及时、准确的技术支持,同时为了掌握污染事故的污染程度及变化趋势,对水、气、土壤等指标进行了跟踪监测。     

紫外辐照引入含氧官能团对生物炭吸附气体和水中苯的影响

以椰壳为原料制备生物炭,采用365 nm紫外光辐照增加吸附剂表面含氧官能团,探究其对生物炭吸附气体和水中苯的影响.理化表征和吸附实验结果表明,生物炭表面含氧官能团增加后,对气体中苯的吸附量提高9.25倍,而对水中苯的吸附量却降低14.64%.生物炭对气体中苯的吸附过程符合Elovich动力学模型,而对水中苯的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型.含氧官能团的引入使生物炭对气体和水中苯的等温吸附过程从符合Freundlich模型变为符合Langmuir模型.Weber-Morris模型分析认为,增加含氧官能团,可增强生物炭对气体中苯的表面吸附速率,却阻碍了苯从水中向吸附剂颗粒内扩散的过程,水分子与苯竞争吸附是导致生物炭对水中苯吸附量降低的主要原因.     

超临界二氧化碳萃取再生吸苯活性炭的研究

以工业废水中的典型污染物苯作为单一吸附质,进行了超临界二氧化碳萃取再生活性炭研究,探讨了操作温度、操作压力、CO2流速、活性炭粒度、循环再生次数等因素对再生效率及再生速率的影响。试验结果表明,超临界CO2对活性炭中的苯具有良好的再生效果。     

气体循环条件下等离子体催化氧化吸附态苯

采用气体循环方式,对低温等离子体联合MnOx-AgOx、CoOx-CeOx复合金属氧化物催化剂催化氧化吸附态的苯进行研究,主要考察了苯吸附存储量、氧化背景气体、催化剂对苯氧化性能的影响,并分析了催化剂对O3及N2O副产物产生的影响规律。研究结果表明,采用气体循环方式,有助于实现苯充分氧化为CO2。相同条件下,COx产率、CO2选择性及对O3的分解能力大小依次为:MnOx-AgOx/γ-Al2O3>CoOx-CeOx/γ-Al2O3>γ-Al2O3。氧气背景下,气体循环75 min后,MnOx-AgOx/γ-Al2O3及CoOx-CeOx/γ-Al2O3催化剂存在时,CO2选择性大于95%;气体循环90 min后,与γ-Al2O3所对应的COx产率相比,MnOx-AgOx/γ-Al2O3、CoOx-CeOx/γ-Al2O3分别提高了38%、17%。FT-IR分析结果表明,等离子体催化氧化苯的主要产物为CO2、CO和H2O,副产物为少量的O3及N2O。     

改性生物炭活化过硫酸盐对水中苯和氯苯的去除机制

采用传统的液相沉淀法合成铁盐改性花生壳生物炭（Fe-BC）,将其作为活化过硫酸盐（PS）的活化剂用于去除水体中的苯和氯苯.通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、Boehm滴定法和BET测量对合成材料的结构和形态进行了表征,研究了pH值和水中阴离子对反应体系的影响以及材料的再利用性能.结果表明,在Fe-BC/PS体系中,反应3h后苯和氯苯的去除率均高达100%.Fe-BC/PS去除苯和氯苯协同机制包括BC的吸附、自由基的氧化等.在中性及酸性溶液中,苯和氯苯的去除率均能够达到100%.水中常见阴离子对反应体系具有不同程度的抑制作用,抑制强度依次为HCO₃^->HPO₄^->Cl^->NO₃^-.Fe-BC材料具有良好的再利用性能,是一种高效、廉价的PS活化剂.     

A New Concept for Air Quality Modelling in Street Canyons

We present an analytical model that predicts concentrations in street canyons assuming a uniform distribution within a street, dimensioned by its length and width and the height of the surrounding built-up area. Using the Prandtl-Taylor hypothesis, the concentration in the street is determined from a mass flux balance between a horizontal advective flux, a turbulent diffusive vertical flux and a continuous road transport emission source. The model does not necessarily assume re-circulation of the flow in the street canyon, but rather considers the turbulent intermittency in the shear layer shed from the upwind roof level as the driving force. This concept is in agreement with recent measurements and observations. The model has been applied to compute benzene concentrations based on hourly emissions obtained for 1963 streets and road segments in the City of Antwerp, Belgium. The results are compared with diffusive sampler measurements carried out at 101 locations in several streets of Antwerp, during 4 periods of 5 days in 1998. When averaged over periods of 5 days, the calculated benzene concentrations show a very good agreement with the results obtained by the diffusive sampler measurements.     

Tenax富集-毛细管气相色谱法同时测定环境空气中12种氯苯类化合物

建立了毛细管气相色谱法同时分离快速测定环境空气中12种氯苯类有机污染物的方法.采集10 L空气样品,用Tenax吸附管富集氯苯类化合物,石油醚淋洗解析,DB-23毛细管柱分离,电子捕获检测器检测.空气中氯苯类化合物的最低检测浓度分别为:氯苯20 μg/m3,二氯苯0.5～0.8 μg/m3,三氯苯0.08～0.1 μg/m3,四氯苯0.03～0.05 μg/m3,五氯苯、六氯苯0.01 μg/m3.在空白试验中,回收率为90.7%～100.6%,相对标准偏差低于7.16%(n=5).结果表明,该测定方法简便、快速、准确、重现性好,适合环境空气中12种氯苯类化合物的痕量测定.     

Developing slow-release persulfate candles to treat BTEX contaminated groundwater

The development of slow-release chemical oxidants for sub-surface remediation is a relatively new technology. Our objective was to develop slow-release persulfate-paraffin candles to treat BTEX-contaminated groundwater. Laboratory-scale candles were prepared by heating and mixing Na₂S₂O₈ with paraffin in a 2.25 to 1 ratio (w/w), and then pouring the heated mixture into circular molds that were 2.38 cm long and either 0.71 or 1.27 cm in diameter. Activator candles were prepared with FeSO₄ or zerovalent iron (ZVI) and wax. By treating benzoic acid and BTEX compounds with slow-release persulfate and ZVI candles, we observed rapid transformation of all contaminants. By using ¹⁴C-labeled benzoic acid and benzene, we also confirmed mineralization (conversion to CO2) upon exposure to the candles. As the candles aged and were repeatedly exposed to fresh solutions, contaminant transformation rates slowed and removal rates became more linear (zero-order); this change in transformation kinetics mimicked the observed dissolution rates of the candles. By stacking persulfate and ZVI candles on top of each other in a saturated sand tank (14 × 14 × 2.5 cm) and spatially sampling around the candles with time, the dissolution patterns of the candles and zone of influence were determined. Results showed that as the candles dissolved and persulfate and iron diffused out into the sand matrix, benzoic acid or benzene concentrations (C_o = 1 mM) decreased by >90% within 7 d. These results support the use of slow-release persulfate and ZVI candles as a means of treating BTEX compounds in contaminated groundwater.