毛细管柱气相色谱质谱法分析优先监测物的质量控制研究——Ⅰ.半挥发性有机物

报道了毛细管柱气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)方法分析半挥发性有机物的质量控制研究结果.对分析的全过程提出了质量控制标准.应用同位素标记内标物(IS),替代掺样物(SS)和基质掺样/重复基质掺样(MS/MSD)的回收率来判断样品处理与分析结果的可靠性.根据77种目标化合物,特别是标定检验化合物(CCC)和系统检验化合物(SPCC)的响应系数范围,确定GC-MS系统的工作状态和最终结果的正确性.给出了满足质量控制标准的12个土壤样品的结果.     

室内空气中甲醛和苯系物检测与净化

通过对哈尔滨市装饰装修竣工一年内的60户室内空气污染物检测分析,结果表明:室内空气甲醛超标64.1%,苯超标54.1%,甲苯超标35.6%,二甲苯超标30.6%.采用臭氧法,光催化氧化法和药剂法三种方法对室内空气污染物甲醛和苯进行净化效果实验研究,评价其净化效果,比较了三种方法的优劣.     

2017年厦门金砖会晤期间人为减排和气象条件变化对臭氧污染特征的影响

针对厦门"金砖会晤"空气质量保障活动，本研究选取2017年8月10日—9月10日的O₃、NO₂和挥发性有机物（VOCs），以及气象因子等在线观测数据，开展人为减排、副热带高压、台风等对东南沿海城市大气O₃污染特征的影响研究.结果表明，研究期间厦门大气O₃-8 h平均浓度为（110.0±40.6）μg·m^-3.与管控前相比，无台风影响的管控I期的O₃-8 h浓度上升了19.9 μg·m^-3，而管控II期的O₃-8 h浓度下降了27.9 μg·m^-3.对于管控I期和II期，台风影响下O₃-8 h浓度较无台风时段分别下降85.2 μg·m^-3和8.9 μg·m^-3.在排放控制和台风的共同作用下，峰会期间厦门大气O₃浓度的日变化显现出"削峰填谷"的特征.另外，与管控I期相比，管控II期O₃前体物VOCs浓度显著下降，其臭氧生成潜势（OFP）下降了44.6%.总之，运用区域联防联控策略，对臭氧前体物（NO_x和VOCs）实施针对性减排，可有效地降低沿海城市大气O₃日间最高浓度.     

广州大田山垃圾填埋场空气中微量挥发有机污染物组成

以广州大田山垃圾填埋场为例，研究了在不同季节填埋场空气中微量挥发性有机污染物的种类和含量变化情况。结果表明，在春、夏季样品中可分别检测出47和64种化合物，其中有些化合物为USEPA优先控制毒害有机污染物；夏季样品中微量挥发性有机污染物的浓度大多比春季样品高，有的甚至高1个数量级以上。因此加强对垃圾的卫生填埋，尤其是加强对夏季的垃圾卫生填埋的科学管理，减少挥发性有机污染物向大气中的扩散，应给予充分的关注。     

有机锡化合物测定方法研究进展

总结了有机锡化合物常用的测定方法，包括气相色谱－火焰光度法，气相色谱与原子吸收联用，气相色谱－微波等离子体发射光谱法，气相色谱－质谱法以及液相色谱与名种检测方法联用等。对样品前处理、衍生化方法、色谱分离及测定等也进行了讨论     

气相色谱法测定废水中的茚及芳烃混合物

本文采用气相色谱法，选择中等极性的Ｔｒｉｃｒｅｓｙｌｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅ与高沸点的非极性ＡｐｉｅｚｏｎＬ配成混合固定液，测定工业废水中的茚及芳烃混合物。该方法灵敏度高，再现性好，简便快速，适合测定化工、制漆、制茚树脂生产所排放的废水，同时也能检出受苯系物及高沸点的不饱合物萘等多组分污染的水体     

对在沙漠地区应用化学固沙剂固沙的探讨

探讨了化学固沙的原理和效果。提出了开展化学-生物一体化固沙新观点。认为LD系列化学固沙剂、超高强吸水保水剂等固沙植被用新材料及低成本制备技术，将在沙漠地区的公路、铁路建设中具有更为广阔的应用前景。     

PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR NITRATE LOAD IN THE BULL RUN WATERSHED,OREGON1

ABSTRACT: Predictive models for nitrate in four streams in the Bull Run Watershed in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon were developed from a record of 17 years of nitrate samples. The models are time series regression models written in terms of Log(nitrate load). The independent variables are logarithm of 14-day mean daily stream discharge, current day's precipitation, logarithm of the previous day's precipitation, total precipitation for the previous seven days, a hydrograph position variable that indicates rising or falling limb, and average maximum air temperature for the preceding 14 days. The models describe annual cycle and seasonable trends and variations in nitrate load, but are unable to describe large day to day variations like those associated with hydrograph peaks.     

THE ARMA MODELS APPLIED TO THE FLOW OF KARSTIC SPRINGS1

ABSTRACT: Autoregressive moving average (ABMA) models have been applied to study the flow series of the karstic springs of La Villa, Fuente Mayor (Spain), and Aliou (France). The theoretical meaning of the parameters involved in the model upon applying it to a simplified scheme of the emptying of a karstic aquifer is first analyzed. The types of transformations necessary to apply these models to the flow series that lack normality and have strong periodic components are also indicated, as are the advantages of this type of model and the physical significance of the parameters obtained, with respect to the standpoint of hydraulics, ranging from rather homogeneous aquifers (La Villa) to extremely karstic (Aliou), including aquifers with intermediate characteristics (Fuente Mayor).     

Production of hydrogen by steam gasification of dehydrochlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) or activated carbon in the presence of various alkali compounds

Steam gasification of dehydrochlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) or activated carbon was carried out in the presence of various alkali compounds at 3.0 MPa and 560°C–660°C in a batch reactor or in a semi-batch reactor with a flow of nitrogen and steam. Hydrogen and sodium carbonate were the main products, and methane and carbon dioxide were the minor products. Yields of hydrogen were high in the presence of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. The acceleration effect of the alkali compounds on the gasification reaction was as follows: KOH > NaOH > Ca(OH)₂ > Na₂CO₃. The rate of gasification increased with increasing partial steam pressure and NaOH/C molar ratio. However, the rate became saturated at a molar ratio of NaOH/C greater than 2.0.