含硝基芳香族化合物废水处理技术研究进展

为探讨含硝基芳香族化合物废水高效低耗的处理技术,综述了该类废水处理技术的相关研究成果及应用现状。从废水处理的效果、稳定性及经济性等方面,对有关研究方法进行了分析和对比。分析表明,物理化学方法存在成本高、二次污染严重等缺点;由于该类废水可生化性差,单独使用传统的生物治理方法存在处理效率低、效果不稳定等问题。氧化技术与生物技术的联用有助于兼顾氧化技术处理效率高、生物处理经济性好的优点,可望实现该类废水的经济有效治理。     

气质谱联用仪在环境监测中的应用

气相色谱一质谱联用仪（GC-MS）因其准确、快速、高灵敏度等优点在环境监测中被广泛应用。文章介绍了GC-MS仪仪器类型,综述了其在水环境,大气环境,恶臭物质方面的应用研究。     

吹扫捕集—气相色谱／质谱联用测定饮用水中59种挥发性有机物

建立了吹扫捕集一气相色谱／质谱联用测定饮用水中59种挥发性有机物的方法,方法检出限为0．004～0．085μg/L,可满足饮用水中特定有机分析项目的检测要求。     

江西盛源盆地橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩长石矿物特征及成因信息

江西盛源盆地橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩中的长石矿物特征为:斜长石斑晶具有反环带结构和交代净边结构,基质中存在大量的斜长石微晶,且在电子探针下研究发现基质中斜长石微晶具有钾长石环边的矿物学特点,为此类火山岩归属于橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩提供了矿物学证据。通过对长石矿物组合特征进行研究,探讨该地区橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩的成因以及成岩时的物理化学条件等方面的信息。     

钢铁企业工艺节水的技术途径研究

水资源短缺是中国钢铁企业发展的瓶颈,大力推广节水技术对促进企业的可持续发展具有积极意义。针对中国钢铁企业生产工艺与设备普遍落后、用水量大、水循环回用率低、水资源严重浪费的用水现状,从开发利用非常规水源、推广节水型工艺技术、强化串级用水和循环用水、废水处理技术等几方面探讨了钢铁企业工艺节水的技术途径,并对钢铁企业节水工作提出了几点建议。     

Assessment of source water contamination by estrogenic disrupting compounds in China

Detection of estrogenic disrupting compounds (EDCs) in drinking waters around China has led to rising concerns about health risks associated with these compounds. There is, however, a paucity of studies on the occurrence and identification of the main compounds responsible for this pollution in the source waters. To fill this void, we screened estrogenic activities of 23 source water samples from six main river systems in China, using a recombinant two-hybrid yeast assay. All sample extracts induced significant estrogenic activity, with E2 equivalents (EEQ) of raw water ranging from 0.08 to 2.40 ng/L. Additionally, 16 samples were selected for chemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The EDCs of most concern, including estrone (E1), 17βup-estradiol (E2), 17αup-ethinylestradiol (EE2), estriol (E3), diethylstilbestrol (DES), estradiol valerate (EV), 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP), 4-nonylphenols (4-NP) and bisphenol A (BPA), were determined at concentrations of up to 2.98, 1.07, 2.67, 4.37, 2.52, 1.96, 89.52, 280.19 and 710.65 ng/L, respectively. Causality analysis, involving comparison of EEQ values from yeast assay and chemical analysis identified E2, EE2 and 4-NP as the main responsible compounds, accounting for the whole estrogenic activities (39.74% to 96.68%). The proposed approach using both chemical analysis and yeast assay could be used for the identification and evaluation of EDCs in source waters of China.     

全自动阵列离子迁移谱仪连续监测挥发性有机化合物

为了拓宽离子迁移谱仪的检测范围、提高化合物的识别准确度,研制了一套阵列离子迁移谱仪,该仪器基于63 Ni源正离子模式、63Ni源负离子模式和真空紫外灯光电离模式的组合电离源,可以连续监测空气中挥发性有机化合物.仪器采用全自动的采样进样系统,同时检测了二甲基亚砜的正离子和二氯甲烷的负离子,实现了正负离子的同时检测.通过对阵列离子迁移谱图的综合解析,识别了63Ni源正离子模式下难以鉴别的丙烯腈、间二甲苯和丙酮.连续4 d定量测定丙酮样品,结果表明仪器对丙酮的线性检测范围为2个数量级,线性相关系数R优于0.995,相对标准偏差控制在4.0%～18.3%.采用动态跟踪法,连续24 h在线监测了模拟泄漏的丙烯酸甲酯,监测结果直接反映了其泄漏的时间和浓度.     

大气中总挥发性有机硫化物检测方法的研究

建立了一种捕集、解析、氧化、紫外荧光检测技术,用于大气中痕量总挥发性有机硫化物的检测.自行研制的低温捕集-热解析装置综合了固体阻留法和低温冷凝法的优点,应用于大气中痕量挥发性有机硫化物的富集,富集的有机硫化物在高温和助燃气作用下,充分氧化为二氧化硫,采用紫外荧光法检测二氧化硫含量,从而间接获得大气中总挥发性有机硫化物的浓度值.方法的捕集温度5℃,解析温度150℃,氧化温度1 000℃,精密度5.46%,回收率为99.6%～109.2%.利用该装置测定了2011年2～4月青岛大气中痕量总挥发性有机硫化物的含量为42～195 ng·m-3.     

Rush-hour aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons in selected subway stations of Shanghai, China

Air samples were collected simultaneously at platform, mezzanine and outdoor in five typical stations of subway system in Shanghai, China using stainless steel canisters and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass selective detector (GC-MSD) after cryogenic preconcentration. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) at the platforms and mezzanines inside the stations averaged (10.3 ± 2.1), (38.7 ± 9.0), (19.4 ± 10.1) and (30.0 ± 11.1) μg/m³, respectively; while trichloroethylene (TrCE), tetrachloroethylene (TeCE) and para-dichlorobenzene (pDCB), vinyl chloride and carbon tetrachloride were the most abundant chlorinated hydrocarbons inside the stations with average levels of (3.6 ± 1.3), (1.3 ± 0.5), (4.1 ± 1.1), (2.2 ± 1.1) and (1.2 ± 0.3) μg/m³, respectively. Mean levels of major aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons were higher indoor (platforms and mezzanines) than outdoor with average indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios of 1.1-9.5, whereas no significant indoor/outdoor differences were found except for benzene and TrCE. The highly significant mutual correlations (p < 0.01) for BTEX between indoor and outdoor and their significant correlation (p < 0.05) with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a marker of traffic-related emission without other indoor and outdoor sources, indicated that BTEX were introduced into the subway stations from indoor/outdoor air exchange and traffic emission should be their dominant source. TrCE and pDCB were mainly from indoor emission and TeCE might have both indoor emission sources and contribution from outdoor air, especially in the mezzanines.     

基于时间序列分析的渐变性水源水质预测研究

针对引黄水库水质渐变性特点,运用时间序列分析理论建立了水质分析模型并对山东省某市某水库的水质变化趋势进行模拟和预测。选取温度、pH、氨氮、浊度、化学耗氧量、亚硝酸盐作为预测变量。水库水质的模拟结果表明除浊度外其余项准确率均达到了80%以上,所建立的水质模型能够合理地反映渐变性水库中水质的动态变化趋势,预测结果较好。