Mg-AI型水滑石对水溶液中F^-的吸附

采用水热法合成Mg-AI型水滑石（LDHs），研究LDHs及其焙烧产物C-LDHs对水溶液中F^-的吸附行为，并用X射线衍射和热重分析对LDHs，C-LDHs以及吸附F^-后的C-LDHs（R-LDHs）的结构和性质进行了表征．结果表明：LDHs对水溶液中的F^-基本没有吸附，而C-LDHs对F^-有较大的吸附容量，同时，酸性的增强有利于C-LDHs对F^-的吸附．C-LDHs对F^-吸附4h后可达到吸附平衡．通过吸附F^-，C-LDHs的结构由吸附前的混合氧化物固溶体恢复到层状结构，表明C-LDHs对水溶液中F^-的高吸附性能是因为其具有较强的“记忆效应”．     

Oviposition by butterflies on young leaves: Investigation of leaf volatiles

Summary Various butterflies select young foliage on which to lay their eggs; volatiles emitted by young and old leaves have been compared (by sorption enrichment, followed by GC-MS) to gauge possible qualitative and quantitative differences between the two age groups. The plants investigated are cabbage (Brassica oleracea), two milkweeds (Asclepias syriaca andA. curassavica), the bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) and the lime (C. aurantiifolia). The chemical compounds identified belong to three classes, isoprenoids, fatty acid derivatives and benzenoids. Quantitative differences were found between young and old leaves, of which a few may be characteristic of young leaves only. Thirty-four single trials withDanaus plexippus exposed to volatiles from young and old leaves are recorded.     

CTMAB-膨润土吸附水中有机物的性能及应用

本文用溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)-改性膨润土,研究了CTMAB-膨润土吸附水中α-萘胺、β-萘胺、α-萘酚、硝基苯和苯胺的性能和适宜条件.结果表明,CTMAB-膨润土对水中有机物的吸附能力与CTMAB在膨润土上的实际交换量有关,也与作用方式和有机物辛醇-水分配系数有关.CTMAB-膨润土对五种有机物的去除率顺序为:α-萘胺、β-萘胺、α-萘酚>硝基苯>苯胺.     

活性矸对硫、氟、铬阴离子吸附的研究

本文对活性矸-硫、活性矸-氟、活性矸-铬(Ⅵ)三种吸附系统进行了研究.结果表明:活性矸静态等温吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温式;静态吸附动力学可用Bangharm吸附速率方程描述;利用Body公式可确定活性析矸-氟吸附系统的液相有效扩散系数.     

单甲脒在土壤中的吸附

用批量平衡法研究了单四脒酸盐的活性部分－单甲脒在不同类型土壤中的吸附行为，获得了单甲脒的单位土壤有机质吸附常数（Ｋｏｍ）为２８４和吸附自由能变化量为１３．９９ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ＾－１的实验数值，研究表明，单甲脒在土壤中吸附符合Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ经验公式，其在土壤中的吸附系数Ｋｄ与土壤中有机质含量和阳离了交换容量均显著正相关。     

Sorption of Cu and Zn by bone charcoal

Bone charcoal is being developed as a treatment for decontaminating polluted water. In particular, its potential to adsorb metal species from contaminated water supplies is being examined. In this study, bone charcoal was used in batch and column experiments designed to investigate the sorption of two cationic metals Cu and Zn. The data from batch experiments fitted the Langmuir isotherm and so theoretical maximum binding capacities could be obtained. These values were compared with experimental values derived from the column experiments. The mechanisms involved in the immobilisation were also investigated.     

吸附-微滤法对印染废水脱色的研究

采用氢氧化镁吸附与陶瓷膜微滤相结合进行活性染料废水脱色处理 .对预处理条件、微滤操作条件以及膜的化学清洗进行了研究 .结果表明 ,采用氢氧化镁吸附预处理的陶瓷膜微滤技术 ,对含活性染料的印染废水 ,具有脱色率高、操作简单的优点 .在合适的条件下 ,脱色率可达 98%以上 ,1 0 μm膜的通量在1 5 0L·m- 2 ·h- 1左右 ;采用 0 5mol·l- 1稀硝酸在一定条件下清洗 30min可使膜得到有效再生 .     

改性土壤对模拟含硝基苯废水的吸附

研究了季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂四甲基铵离子（TMA）和十六烷基三甲基铵离子（HDTMA）改性的土壤（黑土、黄棕壤、红壤）对水中硝基苯的吸附作用。结果表明：改性土壤和改性土壤均能吸附水中的硝基苯。但改性土壤对水中硝基苯的吸附能力明显高于未改性土壤。改必土壤吸附硝基苯能力的顺序为1CEC－HDTMA黑土＞1CEC－HDTMA黄棕壤＞0．7 CEC－HDTMA黄棕壤＞1 CEC－HDTMA红壤＞0．7 CEC－HDTMA红壤＞1 CEC－TMA黄棕壤＞1 CEC－TMA红壤。未改性土壤和HDTMA改性土壤对硝基苯的吸附通过分配来进行，吸附等温线可用Henry方程表示，其lgKSOM为2．27，lgKHDTMA为2．87。     

几种粘土矿物和粘土对溶液中磷的吸附效果

通过磷等温吸附与饱和吸附后释放试验,研究了高岭土、蒙脱土、凹凸棒土、蛭石和沸石对溶液中磷的吸附效果及其影响因素。结果表明,蛭石磷理论饱和吸附量最大,为3473mg·kg-1,其他依次为凹凸棒土、黄褐土、蒙脱土、下蜀黄土和沸石,高岭土磷理论饱和吸附量最低,为554mg·kg-1。影响粘土矿物和粘土磷理论饱和吸附量的主要因素是钙含量和胶体氧化铁及氧化铝的含量,pH值、阳离子交换量和比表面对磷理论饱和吸附量影响不大,粘土矿物和粘土吸附磷的机制主要为化学吸附。粘土矿物和粘土磷饱和吸附后释放试验表明其磷释放量很低。     

Bayesian testing for trend in a power model for clustered binary data

Developmental toxicity studies are widely used to investigate the potential risk of environmental hazards. In dose–response experiments, subjects are randomly allocated to groups receiving various dose levels. Tests for trend are then often applied to assess possible dose effects. Recent techniques for risk assessment in this area are based on fitting dose–response models. The complexity of such studies implies a number of non-trivial challenges for model development and the construction of dose-related trend tests, including the hierarchical structure of the data, litter effects inducing extra variation, the functional form of the dose–response curve, the adverse event at dam or at fetus level, the inference paradigm, etc. The purpose of this paper is to propose a Bayesian trend test based on a non-linear power model for the dose effect and using an appropriate model for clustered binary data. Our work is motivated by the analysis of developmental toxicity studies, in which the offspring of exposed and control rodents are examined for defects. Simulations show the performance of the method over a number of samples generated under typical experimental conditions.