生物预处理对微污染地表水中有机物的去除

采用膜过滤法对某江水、生物滤池出水和常规处理出水进行了分子量分析 ,考察了 2个单元对不同分子量区间有机物的去除率。结果表明 :原水中分子量小于 1K的有机物占总DOC的 80 % ;生物滤池对分子量小于 0 .5K、0 .5～ 1K及 >60K的有机物去除率分别为 2 7.2 %、2 6 .9%和 1 6 .3% ;常规处理对以上分子量区间有机物的去除率分别为 39.2 %、30 .3 %和 2 9.6 %。     

Using a zeolite medium biofilter to remove organic pollutant and ammonia simultaneously

IntroductionWatershortageproblemisquiteseriousinmanycitiesofChina .Thereuseofmunicipalwastewaterisoneofthekeymethodstoreleasethisproblem .Makeupwaterforrecirculatingcoolingsystemisthelargestwaterusageinmanyfactories .Thewaterqualitystandardsforreclaimedwa…     

袋式除尘器和静电除尘器在电厂除尘系统中运用的性能对比分析

针对目前火电厂除尘系统应用现状和当前环保要求,通过对袋式除尘器和静电除尘器在火电厂燃煤锅炉除尘系统中的应用,对袋式除尘器和静电除尘器在技术性能上的差异作了简单的对比分析,以指导除尘器在目前火电厂燃煤锅炉除尘系统中的具体应用。     

黄单胞菌生物滴滤塔处理硫化氢能力及产物研究

以黄单胞菌为硫氧化菌种挂膜于生物滴滤塔,研究其去除能力及产物.通过测定压降、生物量确定挂膜时间,以进出气口浓度变化反映去除效率,测定营养液pH值变化,用SEM电镜扫描、能谱分析、X射线衍射对产物进行分析.结果表明,黄单胞菌挂膜时间为4 d,持续运行,菌种均匀地分布于填料表面;保持气体流量为1 L/min,H_2S气体质量浓度在2 000 mg/m~3以下时,去除率大于90.5%,单位体积最大生化去除量为43.23 g/(m~3·h);以10 d为周期添加营养,系统的pH值在5～7;自然沉降得到的黄色颗粒状沉淀粒径为3.161～31.90 μm;能谱分析表面主要成分为C、O、S,应该为微生物和S系物;X射线衍射分析表明干燥粉末的主要无机物质存在形态为S单质.塔在弱酸环境运行,能减少对装置的腐蚀,营养液中通过物理沉降、过滤、低速离心的简单手段,就能回收产物S单质.     

基于EEG频谱特征的驾驶员疲劳监测研究

研究表明疲劳驾驶是引发交通伤亡事故的重要原因之一,因此有必要采取相应的预防措施。脑电是公认的睡眠(疲劳)金指标,因此论文提出了基于脑电频谱特征的驾驶员疲劳预测方法。采用了驾驶模拟实验中记录的三路驾驶员脑电信号,并利用驾驶员自评与专家评定两种方式相结合的方法将驾驶数据分为疲劳和清醒。针对脑电中眼电噪声很强的特点,对记录的脑电进行了自适应滤波消噪处理,结果显示可有效滤除眼电伪迹;然后根据脑电的频域特征比较突出且与疲劳相关的特点,从去噪后的脑电中提取出了的75个频谱特征;最后利用这些频谱特征,采用朴素贝叶斯分类的方法建立了驾驶员疲劳监测模型。实验结果表明,该方法能监测出驾驶员84%的疲劳状态。     

Treating wastewater under zero waste principle using wetland mesocosms

• Smart wetland was designed to treat wastewater according to zero waste principle. • The system included a dynamic roughing filter, Cyperus papyrus (L.) and zeolite. • It removed 98.8 and 99.8% of chemical and bacterial pollutants in 3 days. • The effluent reused to irrigate a landscape and the sludge recycled as fertilizer. • The plant biomass is a profitable resource for antibacterial and antioxidants. The present investigation demonstrates the synergistic action of using a sedimentation unit together with Cyperus papyrus (L.) wetland enriched with zeolite mineral in one-year round experiment for treating wastewater. The system was designed to support a horizontal surface flow pattern and showed satisfactory removal efficiencies for both physicochemical and bacteriological contaminants within 3 days of residence time. The removal efficiencies ranged between 76.3% and 98.8% for total suspended solids, turbidity, iron, biological oxygen demand, and ammonia. The bacterial indicators (total and fecal coliforms, as well as fecal streptococci) and the potential pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) showed removal efficiencies ranged between 96.9% and 99.8%. We expect the system to offer a smart management for every component according to zero waste principle. The treated effluent was reused to irrigate the landscape of pilot area, and the excess sludge was recycled as fertilizer and soil conditioner. The zeolite mineral did not require regeneration for almost 36 weeks of operation, and enhanced the density of shoots (14.11%) and the height of shoots (15.88%). The harvested plant biomass could be a profitable resource for potent antibacterial and antioxidant bioactive compounds. This could certainly offset part of the operation and maintenance costs and optimize the system implementation feasibility. Although the experiment was designed under local conditions, its results could provide insights to upgrade and optimize the performance of other analogous large-scale constructed wetlands.     

Influence of pore structure on biologically activated carbon performance and biofilm microbial characteristics

• Pore structure affects biologically activated carbon performance. • Pore structure determines organic matter (OM) removal mechanism. • Microbial community structure is related to pore structure and OM removal. Optimizing the characteristics of granular activated carbon (GAC) can improve the performance of biologically activated carbon (BAC) filters, and iodine value has always been the principal index for GAC selection. However, in this study, among three types of GAC treating the same humic acid-contaminated water, one had an iodine value 35% lower than the other two, but the dissolved organic carbon removal efficiency of its BAC was less than 5% away from the others. Iodine value was found to influence the removal of different organic fractions instead of the total removal efficiency. Based on the removal and biological characteristics, two possible mechanisms of organic matter removal during steady-state were suggested. For GAC with poor micropore volume and iodine value, high molecular weight substances (3500–9000 Da) were removed mainly through degradation by microorganisms, and the biodegraded organics (soluble microbial by-products,<3500 Da) were released because of the low adsorption capacity of activated carbon. For GAC with higher micropore volume and iodine value, organics with low molecular weight (<3500 Da) were more easily removed, first being adsorbed by micropores and then biodegraded by the biofilm. The biomass was determined by the pore volume with pore diameters greater than 100 μm, but did not correspond to the removal efficiency. Nevertheless, the microbial community structure was coordinate with both the pore structure and the organic removal characteristics. The findings provide a theoretical basis for selecting GAC for the BAC process based on its pore structure.     

石英砂表面活性滤膜去除地下水中氨氮的试验研究

为研究石英砂滤料表面活性滤膜催化氧化地下水中氨氮的性能,采用已运行4年的中试石英砂滤柱,改变进水氨氮负荷并且长期持续过滤仅含氨氮的进水,考察该滤膜催化氧化氨氮的性能.结果表明:在进水氨氮浓度为0.8~1.3mg/L,水温为20~23℃,滤速为7m/h的试验条件下,滤料表面活性滤膜催化氧化氨氮的性能可长期保持稳定、高效;在溶解氧(DO)充足的条件下,氨氮的最大去除负荷为22.3g/(m³·h),且其与氨氮进水负荷正相关;氨氮的极限去除浓度受溶解氧的限制,且当DO不足时,滤速对溶解氧的消耗影响较大.     

DOC+CDPF对生物柴油燃烧颗粒排放特性的影响

以一台满足国五排放法规的车用柴油机为样机,研究加装氧化催化转化器DOC与催化型颗粒捕集器CDPF(DOC+CDPF后处理装置)前后,柴油机燃用B20燃料(燃料含20%体积掺混比的生物柴油)的颗粒排放特性.结果表明,在未加装该后处理装置时,该机排气颗粒数量浓度的粒径分布呈双峰形态,B20燃料的排气颗粒数量浓度的峰值粒径在10nm和50nm附近,纯柴油的排气颗粒数量浓度的峰值粒径在50nm和200nm附近.在颗粒粒径小于120nm的区域,该机燃用B20燃料的排气颗粒数量浓度大于纯柴油.加装该后处理装置后,该机排气颗粒数量浓度的粒径分布呈多峰形态,峰值粒径在10nm、20nm和60nm附近.加装DOC+CDPF后,不论是柴油还是B20燃料,与原机相比,柴油机排气颗粒总数量下降明显,其中60~200nm粒径范围的颗粒数量浓度降幅更为显著.在相同工况下,DOC+CDPF对柴油机燃用B20燃料的颗粒总数量净化效率高于纯柴油.     

覆膜滤料特性实验研究

覆膜滤料是降低微细颗粒物排放,降低大气环境中PM2．5浓度源头的净化技术之一。对氟美斯（FMS ）针刺毡为基布覆膜滤料,进行了表面微观结构电镜扫描,同时,进行了这种滤料的阻力实验测试和分级效率测试。表面电镜扫描结果显示,覆膜呈微孔且直径为0．5μm左右的多层铰链结构。实验结果表明,覆膜滤料周期性清灰后阻力为1200 Pa ,万次老化实验后覆膜滤料阻力是1163．3 Pa;在过滤风速为1．4 m／min时,滤料对PM2．5的过滤效率高于99％。实验结果对使用覆膜滤料的布袋除尘器设计具有一定指导意义。