Stability analysis of alkaline nitrobenzene-containing wastewater by a catalyzed Fe-Cu treatment process

Iron and copper bimetallic system (catalyzed Fe-Cu process) is a promising technology for alkaline nitrobenzene-containing wastewater treatment. However, little is currently known about the changes of treatment efficiency with time going. This research investigated the long-term performance of the catalyzed Fe-Cu process to reduce nitrobenzene (NB) in alkaline wastewater. In addition, the changes of the metal surfaces morphologies and matters before and after the reaction were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The results showed that the surface properties of copper almost remained unchanged after weeks of operation, which spelled its strong chemical stability and resistance to poisoning. Moreover, the results indicated that there were two reasons for the treatment efficiency decreasing with time. One was the gradual iron element consumption due to corrosion. The other was iron reactivity weakened due to the precipitates accumulation on the surfaces that were mainly Fe₃O₄ and FeCO. __________ Translated from Environmental Pollution & Control, 2006, 28(10): 783–785 [译自: 环境污染与防治]     

医疗废物处置工程多技术方案综合评价系统研究及其辅助软件设计

针对医疗废物处置工程技术方案的选择问题,在综合分析医疗废物处置工程技术方案选择的影响因素和医疗废物处置技术特点的基础上,结合层次分析法和Delphi法,提出了一套综合评价指标体系及方法.选取技术性能、经济性、环境影响和社会制约因素等4个方面共24项指标,形成了初步综合评价指标体系,并建立了综合评价层次分析模型.由于涉及的数据量大且计算复杂,开发了相应的医疗废物处置工程技术方案综合评价系统的辅助应用软件.     

循环悬浮式半干法烟气脱硫技术在煤粉锅炉中的应用

半千法烟气脱硫技术目前在国内正在快速推广应用中，但成功的实例还较少，还存在系统不可靠，技术指标达不到，故障率高等问题。介绍了循环悬浮式半千法烟气脱硫技术及首次在煤粉锅炉中应用的烟气净化新工艺：静电预除尘＋循环悬浮式半干法烟气脱硫＋布袋除尘，论述了净化原理及在我厂的实际应用情况。     

利用PCR-DGGE技术分析生物陶粒硝化反应器中微生物群落动态

为了揭示生物陶粒硝化反应器中活性污泥的微生物种群多样性,从运行不同时期的反应器中提取活性污泥,利用PCR-DGGE技术初步分析了生物陶粒反应器细菌的种群演替情况.结果表明,随着进水COD值的逐阶段降低,氨氮去除率逐步提高到64.38%.群落结构和优势种群的数量具有时序动态性,微生物多样性与废水的处理效果出现协同变化的特征.测序结果表明,生物陶粒反应器中运行第21天的优势种群除了自养细菌,还有异养细菌存在.其中自养细菌为Nitrosospira.sp和Nitrobacter.sp,异养细菌为Bacillus.sp、Pseudomonas.sp和Pseudochrobactrum.sp.     

INTEGRATING HUMANS IN ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT USING MULTI‐CRITERIA DECISION MAKING1

ABSTRACT: The Ecosystem Management (EM) process belongs to the category of Multi‐Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problems. It requires appropriate decision support systems (DSS) where “all interested people” would be involved in the decision making process. Environmental values critical to EM, such as the biological diversity, health, productivity and sustainability, have to be studied, and play an important role in modeling the ecosystem functions; human values and preferences also influence decision making. Public participation in decision and policy making is one of the elements that differentiate EM from the traditional methods of management. Here, a methodology is presented on how to quantify human preferences in EM decision making. The case study of the National Park of River Nestos Delta and Lakes Vistonida and Ismarida in Greece, presented as an application of this methodology, shows that the direct involvement of the public, the quantification of its preferences and the decision maker's attitude provide a strong tool to the EM decision making process. Public preferences have been given certain weights and three MCDM methods, namely, the Expected Utility Method, Compromise Programming and the Analytic Hierarchy Process, have been used to select alternative management solutions that lead to the best configuration of the ecosystem and are also socially acceptable.     

城市中水系统组成及效益分析

作者阐述了当前城市中水系统的组成及应用现状，并对济南市舜耕小区中水系统的处理流程、经济效益等方面进行分析探讨，提出目前制约城市中水系统发展的主要问题，并为中水回用的顺利实施提供参考。     

提高炼油污水处理场排水合格率的途径

为解决炼油厂外排污水存在的问题，该厂采取了一系列措施。如：改进污水处理工艺，应用新技术、新设备，加强上游管理，以减少冲击事故。通过这些努力污水场排水合格率连续几年一直达90％以上，污水回用率达30％以上。从1994年至今，污水处理场各套设备运行基本正常，达到了很好的处理效果。     

黑索金废水的处理

以球形活性炭为吸附剂，用吸附法处理黑索金（ＲＤＸ）废水，出水能够达到国家排放标准，球形活性炭的动态饱和吸附量为０．１２３－０．１４０ｇ／ｇ，吸附带长为２ｍ。吸附饱和的球形活性炭，可用碱液以复再生。笔者还提出了数学模型，导出了处理实验数据公式，此公式可推广应用于同类吸附实验数据处理。     

TOPHAZOP: a knowledge-based software tool for conducting HAZOP in a rapid, efficient yet inexpensive manner

Hazard and operability (HAZOP) studies constitute an essential step in the risk analysis of any chemical process industry and involve systematic identification of every conceivable abnormal process deviation, its causes and abnormal consequences. These authors have recently proposed optHAZOP as an alternative procedure for conducting HAZOP studies in a shorter span of time than taken by conventional HAZOP procedure, with greater accuracy and effectiveness [Khan, F. I. and Abassi, S. A., optHAZOP. An effective and efficient technique for hazard identification and assessment Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 1997, 10, 191–204]. optHAZOP consists of several steps, the most crucial one requires use of a knowledge-based software tool which would significantly reduce the requirement of expert man-hours and speed up the work of the study team. TOPHAZOP (Tool for OPTmizing HAZOP) has been developed to fulfil this need.

The TOPHAZOP knowledge-base consists of two main branches: process-specific and general. The TOPHAZOP framework allows these two branches to interact during the analysis to address the process-specific aspects of HAZOP analysis while maintaining the generality of the system. The system is open-ended and modular in structure to make easy implementation and/or expansion of knowledge. The important features of TOPHAZOP and its performance on an industrial case study are described.