Enhanced electrochemical oxidation of phenol by introducing ferric ions and UV radiation

The mineralization of phenol in aerated electrochemical oxidation has been investigated.The results show that a cathodic Fenton process can occur when the Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni alloy material is used as cathode in solution containing ferric or ferrous ions; moreover,the reinforcement of cathodic Fenton process on the total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate of phenol is quite distinct.Among the metallic ions investigated,the ferric ion is the best catalyst for the electrochemical mineralization of phenol at initial...     

O3-BAC深度处理工艺中细菌群落时空分布及动态变化规律

为弄清饮用水O₃-BAC深度处理工艺过程中细菌群落的时空分布和动态变化规律,本研究以我国南方某O₃-BAC深度处理工艺水厂为研究对象,采用NovaSeq6000高通量测序技术对夏季和冬季各工艺单元出水及滤砂和活性炭生物膜等细菌群落进行解析.结果表明,出厂水pH、浊度、COD_Mn、菌落总数等指标均满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)的要求.夏季细菌群落多样性明显高于冬季,活性炭生物膜的细菌群落多样性高于滤砂生物膜;混凝沉淀、臭氧化和消毒是影响细菌群落多样性的主要工艺单元.水样和生物膜样品绝对优势菌门均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),且主要菌门组成大体相同,但细菌群落门水平相对丰度存在一定的时空差异,属水平上差异则更为明显.此外,检测到的条件致病菌属主要包括芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和分支杆菌属(Mycobacterium),且其所占核心微生物OTUs数目不受季节性影响.水温和生物可降解溶解性有机碳(BDOC)是显...     

近三十年中国非点源污染研究现状与未来发展方向探讨

非点源污染是我国面临的重要环境问题之一,其影响范围广,污染不易控制,因此受到研究者和管理者越来越多的关注.中国非点源污染研究呈起步晚、速度快、范围广的发展特点,近十年来相关论文发表已达到一定数量,但是现有研究多是针对非点源污染体系中某些方面进行探究,缺少从全国尺度和长时间序列角度对我国非点源污染研究现状的梳理和总结.本文从全球主要文献库中检索了1988—2018年我国非点源污染的相关文章,挑选出1354篇文章进行统计分析,对于年发文数量、研究区所属省份、研究区所属流域、研究对象和研究方法分别进行统计展示.对我国近三十年非点源污染研究现状与存在问题进行总结,其中农业非点源污染需要继续深入探究其机理,城市非点源污染研究深度不足,研究地区有较大差异,研究方法存在复杂性与实用性的矛盾.未来中国非点源污染研究仍会以农业和农村非点源为主要研究对象;城市非点源将得到进一步发展;非点源污染物的防治与利用将成为重要的研究目标和研究方向;在国家实施的长江大保护战略及黄河生态保护高质量发展战略中,非点源污染也是关键研究问题;全球变化对非点源污染的影响也将是未来研究不可忽视的问题.本文对近三十年中国非点源污染...     

二价铁活化过氧化钙提高剩余活性污泥的脱水性能

采用Fe²⁺活化过氧化钙(Fe²⁺/CaO₂)提高剩余污泥的脱水性能,考察初始p H值、Fe²⁺和CaO₂投加量对污泥脱水性能的影响,并进一步探究了实现污泥深度脱水的内在机制.结果表明,初始pH值为中性,Fe²⁺和CaO₂投加量(以VSS计)分别为3.31 mmol·g^-1和3.68 mmol·g^-1时,污泥的脱水效果最好,污泥比阻(SRF)和含水率(WC)分别由20.99×10¹²m·kg^-1和86.61%降低至3.91×10¹²m·kg^-1和76.15%.Fe²⁺/CaO₂的氧化使污泥微生物细胞裂解,胞内有机物释放,胞外聚合物(EPS)降解;同时,Fe³⁺促使污泥颗粒再絮凝形成致密、多孔的絮体结构,有利于EPS结合水释放,实现污泥深度脱...     

Scaling range sizes to threats for robust predictions of risks to biodiversity

Assessments of risk to biodiversity often rely on spatial distributions of species and ecosystems. Range‐size metrics used extensively in these assessments, such as area of occupancy (AOO), are sensitive to measurement scale, prompting proposals to measure them at finer scales or at different scales based on the shape of the distribution or ecological characteristics of the biota. Despite its dominant role in red‐list assessments for decades, appropriate spatial scales of AOO for predicting risks of species’ extinction or ecosystem collapse remain untested and contentious. There are no quantitative evaluations of the scale‐sensitivity of AOO as a predictor of risks, the relationship between optimal AOO scale and threat scale, or the effect of grid uncertainty. We used stochastic simulation models to explore risks to ecosystems and species with clustered, dispersed, and linear distribution patterns subject to regimes of threat events with different frequency and spatial extent. Area of occupancy was an accurate predictor of risk (0.81<|r|<0.98) and performed optimally when measured with grid cells 0.1–1.0 times the largest plausible area threatened by an event. Contrary to previous assertions, estimates of AOO at these relatively coarse scales were better predictors of risk than finer‐scale estimates of AOO (e.g., when measurement cells are <1% of the area of the largest threat). The optimal scale depended on the spatial scales of threats more than the shape or size of biotic distributions. Although we found appreciable potential for grid‐measurement errors, current IUCN guidelines for estimating AOO neutralize geometric uncertainty and incorporate effective scaling procedures for assessing risks posed by landscape‐scale threats to species and ecosystems.     

Essential hazard and process safety assessment of para-toluene sulfonic acid through calorimetry and advanced thermokinetics

Para-toluene sulfonic acid is a typical intermediary for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and dyes and is a catalyst for organic synthesis. The consumption of para-toluene sulfonic acid used in organic synthesis has increased substantially. The toluene sulfonation process is the central path for synthesizing para-toluene sulfonic acid in China. However, the process has risks and has resulted in numerous disasters. This study utilized a reaction calorimeter 1 to reproduce the commercial toluene sulfonation process in a laboratory. The para-toluene sulfonic acid product was examined with an accelerating rate calorimeter and through differential scanning calorimetry. Both differential and integral isoconversional methods were used to determine the thermal stability of and appropriate thermokinetic models for para-toluene sulfonic acid. The safety parameters of para-toluene sulfonic acid were estimated. The research findings can be used for optimization of the toluene sulfonation process and for safe handling of para-toluene sulfonic acid.     

用常规活性污泥法及一体化氧化沟新工艺处理生活污水的效果分析

对常规活性污泥法和一体化氧化沟工艺在中原油田基地污水厂的应用效果进行了对比分析。月度抽查对比监测发现,两种生物处理法对有机物均有较好的去除效果。一体化氧化沟工艺是一种新型的生活污水处理技术,它对SS、NH3-N的去除效果优于常规法。连续三天的日均值监测结果表明,新工艺对各种污染物的去除效果达到91%以上。这种工艺集通氧、沉淀、废渣分离和回收为一体,占地面积小,操作简单,在中原油田污水站取得了较好的应用效果。     

四湖地区农产品增值研究

对四湖地区的农产品资源进行了全面的分析，该地区的农产品优势资源为大米，淡水鱼、牲猪、蔬菜和水生经济作物中的莲藕等。通过对该地区的农产品加工现状进行综合分析，认为农产品的加工增值存在的问题障碍了该地区农业进一步发展，进而提出了相应的措施以及变区域资源优势为地方经济优势的策略。     

一体式膜生物反应器污水处理工艺研究

在一体式膜生物反应器研制开发实验及反应器各参数运行协调理论分析的基础上,提出了一体式膜生物反应器工艺各参数间的设计原则、方法、步骤及设计实例,对该工艺的运行能耗作了评价.     

层次分析法在评定最优环境工程方案中的应用

本文根据层次分析法的原理，结合环境工程评标的特点，建立了评定最优环境工程方案的层次结构模型。该模型引入三标度法来间接地构造判断矩阵，简化了专家或决策者的判断难度，增强了判断矩阵的逻辑性。结合某废水治理工程项目，介绍了层次分析法应用于工程评标的计算过程。结果表明，这种改进的层次分析法是进行环境工程方案优选的新颖、科学、简便的方法。