亲水性多孔载体在流化床中的生物膜形成过程分析

采用实验制备的一种新型亲水性多孔聚合物作为流化床反应器中生物膜附着生长的载体,实现流态化水力条件下的生物挂膜过程.在3个结构尺寸相同的流化床反应器中考察了接种污泥浓度、进水有机负荷及载体粒径对亲水性多孔载体生物挂膜量的影响,试验结果表明,接种污泥浓度为30 g VSS/L、进水TOC值为350 mg/L、载体粒径为5～8 mm时载体表面的附着生物量最大,反应器运行12 d的载体附着生物量达到4.45 g VSS/L,膜结构稳定,表现出较活性污泥法更高的活性.在进水TOC、氨氮浓度分别为350 ms/L、50 mg/L,HRT为6 h的情况下,两者的去除率分别达到了97.1%和64.3%,表明载体上的生物膜对污水中TOC及氨氮的去除表现出高效率.挂膜后载体表面上的微生物以丝状菌为主,孔壁上的微生物以球菌和杆菌为主要生物相,证明载体内外表面皆适宜微生物的生长,并且形成合理的生物相分布.     

Sulphur transformation and deposition in the rhizosphere of Juncus effusus in a laboratory-scale constructed wetland

Sulphur cycling and its correlation to removal processes under dynamic redox conditions in the rhizosphere of helophytes in treatment wetlands are poorly understood. Therefore, long-term experiments were performed in laboratory-scale constructed wetlands treating artificial domestic wastewater in order to investigate the dynamics of sulphur compounds, the responses of plants and nitrifying microorganisms under carbon surplus conditions, and the generation of methane. For carbon surplus conditions (carbon:sulphate of 2.8:1) sulphate reduction happened but was repressed, in contrast to unplanted filters mentioned in literature. Doubling the carbon load caused stable and efficient sulphate reduction, rising of pH, increasing enrichment of S(2-) and S(0) in pore water, and finally plant death and inhibition of nitrification by sulphide toxicity. The data show a clear correlation of the occurrence of reduced S-species with decreasing C and N removal performance and plant viability in the experimental constructed wetlands.     

折流式厌氧反应器（ABR）的研究进展

随着对厌氧消化机理研究的不断深入和各种高效厌氧反应器的飞速发展 ,废水的厌氧生物处理技术已经成为资源和环境保护的核心技术之一[1] .ＵＡＳＢ是荷兰Ｗａｇｅｎｉｎｇｅｎ农业大学的Ｌｅｔｔｉｎｇａ等人于 70年代开发的一种高效厌氧反应器 ,目前已经广泛的应用于生产实践 .ＵＡＳＢ的成功极大的促进了其它高效厌氧反应器的发展 ,折流式厌氧反应器 (ＡｎａｅｒｏｂｉｃＢａｆｆｌｅｄＲｅａｃｔｏｒ,简称ＡＢＲ)正是在ＵＡＳＢ基础上开发出的一种新型高效厌氧反应器[2 ,3] .下面将介绍ＡＢＲ反应器废水处理工艺的原理、特点以及国内外研…     

SMBBR-AF-SMBBR组合工艺处理高氨氮农药废水

采用特异性移动床生物膜反应器(SMBBR)和厌氧生物滤池(AF)组合工艺处理高氨氮农药废水。考察了HRT、pH和DO等工艺条件对SMBBR-AF-SMBBR组合工艺运行稳定期COD和氨氮去除率的影响。试验结果表明,在进水COD为2 408~7 440 mg/L、ρ(NH_4~+-N)为160.21~433.84 mg/L、TN为208.27~537.65 mg/L、HRT为8d、pH为8.0、DO为4 mg/L的条件下,处理后出水平均COD为342 mg/L,COD去除率达92.3%;ρ(NH_4~+-N)小于4.0mg/L,氨氮平均去除率为89.2%;TN小于50 mg/L,平均TN去除达83.0%。出水各指标均优于原A2O工艺出水。     

污水处理移动床生物膜反应器悬浮载体研究进展

介绍了移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)中悬浮载体的种类和特性,讨论了对其性能的影响因素,总结了当前悬浮载体改性技术及性能评价的方法,并对后续研究提出了建议。     

Application of 1D and 2D MFR reactor technology for the isolation of insecticidal and anti-microbial properties from pyrolysis bio-oils

Valuable chemicals can be separated from agricultural residues by chemical or thermochemical processes. The application of pyrolysis has already been demonstrated as an efficient means to produce a liquid with a high concentration of desired product. The objective of this study was to apply an insect and microorganism bioassay-guided approach to separate and isolate pesticidal compounds from bio-oil produced through biomass pyrolysis. Tobacco leaf (Nicotianata bacum), tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum), and spent coffee (Coffea arabica) grounds were pyrolyzed at 10°C/min from ambient to 565°C using the mechanically fluidized reactor (MFR). With one-dimensional (1D) MFR pyrolysis, the composition of the product vapors varied as the reactor temperature was raised allowing for the selection of the temperature range that corresponds to vapors with a high concentration of pesticidal properties. Further product separation was performed in a fractional condensation train, or 2D MFR pyrolysis, thus allowing for the separation of vapor components according to their condensation temperature. The 300–400°C tobacco and tomato bio-oil cuts from the 1D MFR showed the highest insecticidal and anti-microbial activity compared to the other bio-oil cuts. The 300–350 and 350–400°C bio-oil cuts produced by 2D MFR had the highest insecticidal activity when the bio-oil was collected from the 210°C condenser. The tobacco and tomato bio-oil had similar insecticidal activity (LC₅₀ of 2.1 and 2.2 mg/mL) when the bio-oil was collected in the 210°C condenser from the 300–350°C reactor temperature gases. The 2D MFR does concentrate the pesticidal products compared to the 1D MFR and thus can reduce the need for further separation steps such as solvent extraction.     

EGSB出水回流对EGSB—SBR工艺处理果汁废水的影响

采用EGSB—SBR工艺处理实际果汁废水(COD 2 608~6 500 mg/L,p H 5.0~7.0)。在EGSB反应器成功启动及驯化完成的情况下,连续运行49 d。实验结果表明:第25天起,控制EGSB回流比为3.00∶1,EGSB反应器可在无须添加Na HCO3的条件下稳定运行,从而降低了废水处理成本;第25天起,平均进水COD,BOD5,SS分别为5 968,2 130,1 020 mg/L,平均出水COD,BOD5,SS分别降至131,11,50 mg/L,平均COD,BOD5,SS去除率分别为98%,99%,95%;组合工艺对该实际果汁废水具有良好的处理效果。     

超临界水氧化处理高浓度丙烯酸废水

采用超临界水氧化（SCWO）技术在连续蒸发壁式反应器内处理高浓度丙烯酸废水。实验结果表明：SCWO能有效地处理丙烯酸废水,废水COD和TOC去除率分别达到99％左右,且反应时间短;反应温度、反应压力和氧化剂加入量的增加有利于COD和TOC去除率的提高。实验得出的废水处理最佳工艺条件：反应温度693K、反应压力24～26MPa、氧化剂加入量1．0～1．5倍。对反应器出口试样进行色谱-质谱联用分析结果表明,小分子醇、醚类以及CO2和CO是主要的液相产物和气相产物。针对腐蚀和盐沉积问题,提出了预防措施。     

含碳纳米TiO2光催化降解甲醇

采用管式光催化反应器,在石英玻璃管壁上涂镀含碳纳米TiO2薄膜,研究含碳纳米TiO2对甲醇气体的光催化降解性能。实验结果表明：随气体流量增加,甲醇降解率呈线性降低;在气体流量为200mL／min、相对湿度为40％、甲醇初始质量浓度为90～170mg／m^3的较佳条件下,甲醇降解率维持在80％以上,最高达85％;在甲醇初始质量浓度为150mg／m^3、气体流餐为200mL／min、相对湿度为40％的条件下,德国Degusa—P25光催化剂对甲醇的平均降解率为89％,含碳纳米TiO2对甲醇的平均降解率为82％,最人降解率为85％。     

采用两段SBR工艺处理石化废水

采用两段序批式活性污泥反应器（SBR）工艺处理高浓度石化废水,考察了DO、MLSS、反应温度对废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,两段SBR系统中有机物降解存在着不同的作用机理,第一段主要以去除易降解有机物为主,第二段主要以去除难降解有机物为主。在进水COD为4000mg／L、SBR1中DO为4～5mg／L、MLSS为5000mg／L,SBR2中DO为2～4mg／L、MLSS为3000mg／L、反应温度约为20℃的条件下,废水COD去除率达90％以上。