全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4207篇 |
免费 | 603篇 |
国内免费 | 2884篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 195篇 |
废物处理 | 266篇 |
环保管理 | 442篇 |
综合类 | 4289篇 |
基础理论 | 718篇 |
环境理论 | 4篇 |
污染及防治 | 1258篇 |
评价与监测 | 141篇 |
社会与环境 | 373篇 |
灾害及防治 | 8篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 73篇 |
2023年 | 237篇 |
2022年 | 317篇 |
2021年 | 260篇 |
2020年 | 236篇 |
2019年 | 273篇 |
2018年 | 282篇 |
2017年 | 345篇 |
2016年 | 410篇 |
2015年 | 400篇 |
2014年 | 386篇 |
2013年 | 573篇 |
2012年 | 593篇 |
2011年 | 550篇 |
2010年 | 366篇 |
2009年 | 322篇 |
2008年 | 265篇 |
2007年 | 305篇 |
2006年 | 343篇 |
2005年 | 202篇 |
2004年 | 157篇 |
2003年 | 143篇 |
2002年 | 99篇 |
2001年 | 89篇 |
2000年 | 89篇 |
1999年 | 74篇 |
1998年 | 64篇 |
1997年 | 49篇 |
1996年 | 45篇 |
1995年 | 26篇 |
1994年 | 35篇 |
1993年 | 27篇 |
1992年 | 23篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有7694条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
381.
Estimation of Cumulative Frequency Distribution for Carbon Monoxide Concentration from Wind-Speed Data, in Buenos Aires (Argentina) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this article we apply and test a methodology to estimate cumulative frequency distribution for air pollutant concentration from wind-speed data. We use the inverse relationship after Simpson et al. (Atmospheric Environment, 19, 75–82, 1985) between the opposing percentile values in the statistical distributions for air pollutant concentrations and wind-speed data. This relationship is valid, irrespective of the statistical distributions of both variables, if an inverse relationship between them is also applicable. The available data are five years of 8-h average carbon monoxide concentration and 8-h mean wind-speed, observed in Buenos Aires (Argentina). The performance of the obtained empirical expressions in estimating cumulative frequency distributions for 8-h CO is statistically evaluated. The results show that it is possible to obtain an acceptable cumulative frequency distribution for 8-h CO concentration at the site if the cumulative frequency distribution for wind-speed is known. Q–Q plots show a good agreement between estimated and observed values. From our data, the mean relative error of the estimations was found to be as much as 8.0%. 相似文献
382.
Masahiro?ShimadaEmail author Takahiko?Iida Kensuke?Kawarada Yoshifumi?Chiba Toshihiro?Mamoto Takayuki?Okayama 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2004,6(2):111-118
We have previously manufactured activated carbon using waste paper board, which was prepared by adding 8% phenol resin adhesive to torn waste newspaper and hot-pressing. In this study, the pretreatment process of the raw material was simplified; the waste paper was extruded to form granules. The activated carbon was manufactured by the carbon dioxide activation method using the granules as the raw material. The properties of the activated carbon were evaluated based on the pore structure, the iodine adsorption number, and the adsorption of toluene vapor in a sealed chamber. The activated carbon, which was manufactured at an activation temperature of 1100°C and a treatment time of 60min, exhibited a specific surface area of 1241m2/g and an iodine adsorption number of 1120mg/g. These results were similar to those obtained for two commercially available activated carbons. The extent of toluene vapor adsorption by this activated carbon was similar to that observed for the two commercial activated carbons over a period of 130min. 相似文献
383.
384.
Johan Tidblad Vladimir Kucera Farid Samie Surendra N. Das Chalothorn Bhamornsut Leong Chow Peng King Lung So Zhao Dawei Le Thi Hong Lien Hans Schollenberger Chozi V. Lungu David Simbi 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):241-247
Many national exposure programmes have been performed in tropical and subtropical climates during the last 50 years. However,
ambitious programmes involving more than a few countries are scarce. In this paper a recently formed network of test sites
is described involving 12 test sites in Asia (India, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia and China including Hong Kong) and four test
sites in Africa (South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe). This effort is part of the 2001–2004 Swedish International Development
Agency (SIDA) funded Programme on Regional Air Pollution in Developing Countries (RAPIDC). Corrosion attack after one (2002–2003)
year of exposure (carbon steel, zinc, copper, limestone and paint coated steel) are presented together with environmental
data (SO2, NO2, HNO3, O3, particles, amount and pH of precipitation, temperature and relative humidity) for all the test sites. The obtained corrosion
values are substantially higher than expected for limestone, higher than expected for carbon steel and lower than expected
for zinc compared to values calculated using the best available dose–response functions. 相似文献
385.
采用固定床动态吸附实验,用改性活性碳纤维(ACF)吸附去除CO2原料气中的H2S。通过改变改性剂种类、反应温度和原料气中CO2浓度,找出用改性ACF去除CO2原料气中H2S的规律。实验结果表明:常温下,可用NaON改性的ACF来消除CO2的酸性对去除H2S的不利影响;随着反应温度的升高,CO2与ACF形成的C(O*)中间产物增多,CO2的存在有利于改性ACF去除H2S;而当反应温度过高时,CO2与ACF形成的C(O*)中间产物发生分解,导致ACF碳化,不利于H2S的吸附去除。 相似文献
386.
Frank J. Triska John H. Duff Richard W. Sheibley Alan P. Jackman Ronald J. Avanzino 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(1):60-71
Abstract: Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) retention‐transport through a headwater catchment was synthesized from studies encompassing four distinct hydrologic zones of the Shingobee River Headwaters near the origin of the Mississippi River. The hydrologic zones included: (1) hillslope ground water (ridge to bankside riparian); (2) alluvial riparian ground water; (3) ground water discharged through subchannel sediments (hyporheic zone); and (4) channel surface water. During subsurface hillslope transport through Zone 1, DIN, primarily nitrate, decreased from ~3 mg‐N/l to <0.1 mg‐N/l. Ambient seasonal nitrate:chloride ratios in hillslope flow paths indicated both dilution and biotic processing caused nitrate loss. Biologically available organic carbon controlled biotic nitrate retention during hillslope transport. In the alluvial riparian zone (Zone 2) biologically available organic carbon controlled nitrate depletion although processing of both ambient and amended nitrate was faster during the summer than winter. In the hyporheic zone (Zone 3) and stream surface water (Zone 4) DIN retention was primarily controlled by temperature. Perfusion core studies using hyporheic sediment indicated sufficient organic carbon in bed sediments to retain ground water DIN via coupled nitrification‐denitrification. Numerical simulations of seasonal hyporheic sediment nitrification‐denitrification rates from perfusion cores adequately predicted surface water ammonium but not nitrate when compared to 5 years of monthly field data (1989‐93). Mass balance studies in stream surface water indicated proportionally higher summer than winter N retention. Watershed DIN retention was effective during summer under the current land use of intermittently grazed pasture. However, more intensive land use such as row crop agriculture would decrease nitrate retention efficiency and increase loads to surface water. Understanding DIN retention capacity throughout the system, including special channel features such as sloughs, wetlands and floodplains that provide surface water‐ground water connectivity, will be required to develop effective nitrate management strategies. 相似文献
387.
Voluntary markets transacted over $66 million USD of forest carbon offsets in 2016, according to Forest Trends, and over 99% of those offset projects were audited to a standard, primarily the Verified Carbon Standard (VCS). We provide a table characterizing all 70 validated and verified forest carbon projects employing the VCS version 3.0 currently-in-use (December 2011–July 2017). We also examine two separate aspects of the audit process––impact and thoroughness––to assess the effectiveness of the costly audit process, which can consume up to one-third of offset revenue. Audit impact we measure in terms of reduction in the number of offsets from ex ante estimated to ex post approved. Audit thoroughness we measure both directly in terms of the number of auditor hours worked per project and also indirectly in terms of the total number of Corrective Action Requests (CARs)/Non-Conformity Reports (NCRs) auditors prescribe. In terms of impact, we find that Afforestation/Reforestation/Restoration (A/R/R) and Improved Forest Management (IFM) projects, though only constituting 5% of total verified offsets, demonstrate significant (p < = 0.05) reductions from ex ante estimated to ex post approved offsets, likely because auditors can easily scrutinize carbon stocks/emission factors for the commercial tree species involved in these project types. In terms of thoroughness, we find that higher ex ante estimates correlate with more total auditor hours worked and total CARs/NCRs prescribed for three of four project activity types, likely because auditors perceive larger ex ante projects as higher risk. We conclude with recommendations for the VCS to empower auditors to scrutinize carbon stocks/emissions factors from avoided deforestation projects, and also to continue to flag high ex ante projects as higher risk. 相似文献
388.
V. A. Romanenkov J. U. Smith P. Smith O. D. Sirotenko D. I. Rukhovitch I. A. Romanenko 《Regional Environmental Change》2007,7(2):93-104
The Model of Humus Balance was used to estimate the influence of climate effects and changing agricultural practices on carbon
(C) levels in soddy–podzolic soils in the Russian Federation for the years 2000–2050. The model was linked with a spatial
database containing soil, climate and farming management layers for identification of spatial change of C sequestration potential.
Analysis of relationships between C, soil texture and climate indicated that compared with a business-as-usual scenario, adaptation
measures could increase the number of polygons storing soil organic carbon (SOC) by 2010–2020. The rate of possible C loss
is sensitive to the different climate scenarios, with a maximum potential for SOC accumulation expected in 2030–2040, thereafter
decreasing to 2050. The effect is most pronounced for the arid part of the study area under the emission scenario with the
highest rate of increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration, supporting findings from the dynamic SOC model, RothC. C sequestration during the study period was permanent
for clay and clay loam soils with a C content of more than 2%, suggesting that C sequestration should be focused on highly
fertile, fine-textured soils. We also show that spatial heterogeneity of soil texture can be a source of uncertainty for estimates
of SOC dynamics at the regional scale.
Figures in color are available at 相似文献
389.
通过循环伏安测试、交流阻抗测试、电吸附实验等方法研究了单组分和多组分溶液中不同离子在活性炭纤维电极表面的选择性电吸附性能。结果表明,电吸附选择性能与离子的水合半径、离子价态、离子浓度有关;增大初始浓度可以提高电吸附容量;并且,由于强烈的选择吸附作用,Ca2+离子可以吸附取代其它已经被吸附的离子。 相似文献
390.
CO2引起的气候变暖已成为全球最关注的环境问题之一,利用离子液体固定CO2引起了众多学者的关注。介绍了近年来离子液体吸收CO2的研究进展,包括常规离子液体和含氨基离子液体、氨基酸离子液体、聚离子液体及其他离子液体等4种功能化离子液体,并简要分析了吸收机理。综合分析了每种离子液体的吸收性能,离子液体对CO2的吸收能力均随温度上升而减小,随压力升高而增加。烷基链的增长以及含氟基团的增加有利于对CO2的吸收。功能化离子液体由于引入了功能化基团,相同条件下,其对CO2的吸收力几乎是常规离子液体的两倍。此外,将离子液体与有机溶液(特别是醇胺溶液)混合能提高离子液体对CO2的吸收能力,且能降低生产费用。最后指出了高吸收性能、低黏度、低毒以及低成本是未来离子液体的研究方向。 相似文献