基于遗传-神经网络算法的含均匀腐蚀缺陷油气管线爆破压力预测研究*

为提高含均匀腐蚀缺陷油气管线爆破压力的预测精度，保障长输油气管线的安全运行，将遗传算法和BP神经网络相结合，建立含均匀腐蚀缺陷油气管线爆破压力预测的遗传-BP神经网络（GA-BPNNs）模型。采用已有文献实验数据，分析对比该模型与AGA NG-18，ASME B31G，修正B31G，PCORRC，DNV RP-F101和SHELL 92等方法用于X46，X52，X60，X65，X80等材质油气管线含均匀腐蚀缺陷时爆破压力的计算误差。结果表明:GA-BPNNs模型用于含均匀腐蚀缺陷油气管线爆破压力预测时，误差在-7.78%～6.06%之间，预测精度明显高于目前国内外通用规范的计算结果；该模型操作简单，适用范围广，工程实用性好，为含缺陷压力管道爆破压力的预测提供更好的思路和方案。     

基于时差收敛算法的声发射源定位方法研究

本文针对传统基于时差的声发射定位方法精度及稳定性不足且易受检测环境影响的问题,提出了一种基于收敛算法的声发射源定位方法,经过循环迭代不断优化声发射信号的到达时刻计算方式,使得定位计算重构的定位源稳定收敛在近似同一区域,从而提高声发射源的定位准确度。     

高层RC框架结构基于成本-效益准则的优化设计研究(Ⅱ)——应用

根据作者先前提出的优化模型及基于成本-效益准则的优化设计流程,以多目标遗传算法为搜索引擎,运用MATLAB语言开发了高层RC框架结构基于成本-效益准则的自动优化程序。研究结果表明,程序所产生的设计方案具有多样性、可选择性、业主主动参与性及可依靠经验等特点。     

矿井通风网路的线性解算法及其程序设计

针对“京大二试算法”存在的不足——当已知矿井总风量时,“京大二试算法”的迭代格式是错误的,解算出的风量分配不合理,提出了矿井通风网络线性算法的数学模型.该通风网络算法是将支路特性方程变换为线性关系,则风网回路方程被线性化,就可以应用线性逼近法求解.该算法弥补了“京大二试算法”的缺陷,当已知矿井总风量时,解算出的风量值更接近真值,结果更加精确.介绍了线性算法数学模型的迭代格式及迭代精度问题,并编制了该线性算法的Matlab程序,程序简单,节省计算时间,给出了算法原理,并以实例进行计算,得到了令人满意的结果.     

源解析中环境受体数据处理与扩展方法的建立

本文对包含污染源或气象条件等发生剧烈变化且数据量小的实测受体数据进行了正态扩展,得到扩展数据.同时,利用PMF和PCA模型验证了扩展方法得到的数据量是否能满足模型的要求.结果表明,扩展范围和扩展受体成分谱个数是两个影响扩展数据合理性的主要因素,最佳扩展条件为:扩展范围取标准差的0.5倍,扩展受体成分谱个数为6个.通过53 h算法标记出每个化学成分时间序列中能够代表污染源或气象条件等发生剧烈变化的值并给出对应的估计值.将与估计值的相对误差(RE)超过80%的被标记的值剔除,其余的替换成估计值,发现扩展后PCA解析结果与原始数据处理后数据解析结果基本一致,能够得到主要贡献的污染源及贡献率;若将被标记的值全部剔除后,则不适合做PCA解析;仅通过PMF验证,且扩展数据与原始数据的解析结果中污染源类的判断一致.将受体数据各化学成分的时间序列中代表污染源或气象条件等发生剧烈变化的值替换成53 h算法给出的估计值,对于受体数据量小且用无源成分谱的多元统计方法解析无法给出结果的情况下的源解析有更大价值.     

Determination of optimum operating conditions for industrial dye wastewater treatment using adaptive heuristic criticism pH control

For a pilot-scale application, pH control in the treatment of highly contaminated dye industrial wastewater containing metallic compounds as the main pollutants has been investigated with a method using adaptive heuristic criticism control (AHCC). Subsequent experimentation on between 12 and 18 l of the wastewater was carried out using statistical experimental design methodology to evaluate the effects of three critical factors: slaked lime (calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)(2)) concentration, iron chloride (FeCl(3)) concentration and wastewater volume. With these critical factors, the wastewater treatment process is modeled as an appropriate quadratic cost function of the turbidity of the clarified water. The model is optimized with Rosenbrock's method. Response surface topology of the wastewater treatment is given in terms of optimal concentrations of lime water and FeCl(3) and optimal wastewater volume at pH 11.     

东海赤潮高发区半分析算法色素浓度反演

为研究赤潮机理和预测预报以减少其危害,根据2002-04东海赤潮调查航次实测资料,得出经验系数,建立方程,发展了东海赤潮高发海区的叶绿素a浓度反演半分析算法.由现场实测数据对算法进行检验,叶绿素a吸收系数a_ph(675)及浓度的反演结果误差基本在30%以内,其中浓度反演结果比较,均方根偏差为0.24,最大相对偏差为40.93%,平均相对偏差为18.83%,相关系数R²为0.83.从检验的结果来看,算法反演的精度较好,对于研究海区相对适用.     

Building a Regionally Connected Reserve Network in a Changing and Uncertain World

Abstract: Habitat connectivity is required at large spatial scales to facilitate movement of biota in response to climatic changes and to maintain viable populations of wide‐ranging species. Nevertheless, it may require decades to acquire habitat linkages at such scales, and areas that could provide linkages are often developed before they can be reserved. Reserve scheduling methods usually consider only current threats, but threats change over time as development spreads and reaches presently secure areas. We investigated the importance of considering future threats when implementing projects to maintain habitat connectivity at a regional scale. To do so, we compared forward‐looking scheduling strategies with strategies that consider only current threats. The strategies were applied to a Costa Rican case study, where many reserves face imminent isolation and other reserves will probably become isolated in the more distant future. We evaluated strategies in terms of two landscape‐scale connectivity metrics, a pure connectivity metric and a metric of connected habitat diversity. Those strategies that considered only current threats were unreliable because they often failed to complete planned habitat linkage projects. The most reliable and effective strategies considered the future spread of development and its impact on the likelihood of completing planned habitat linkage projects. Our analyses highlight the critical need to consider future threats when building connected reserve networks over time.     

A HYBRID OPTIMIZATION APPROACH TO THE ESTIMATION OF DISTRIBUTED PARAMETERS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL CONFINED AQUIFERS1

ABSTRACT: In using non-linear optimization techniques for estimation of parameters in a distributed ground water model, the initial values of the parameters and prior information about them play important roles. In this paper, the genetic algorithm (GA) is combined with the truncated-Newton search technique to estimate groundwater parameters for a confined steady-state ground water model. Use of prior information about the parameters is shown to be important in estimating correct or near-correct values of parameters on a regional scale. The amount of prior information needed for an accurate solution is estimated by evaluation of the sensitivity of the performance function to the parameters. For the example presented here, it is experimentally demonstrated that only one piece of prior information of the least sensitive parameter is sufficient to arrive at the global or near-global optimum solution. For hydraulic head data with measurement errors, the error in the estimation of parameters increases as the standard deviation of the errors increases. Results from our experiments show that, in general, the accuracy of the estimated parameters depends on the level of noise in the hydraulic head data and the initial values used in the truncated-Newton search technique.     

FTF算法应用于扩频信号中BPSK型干扰抑制的探讨

介绍遵循ＬＳ准则的快速横向滤波（ＦＴＦ）算法应用于扩频信号中有附加随机相位ＢＰＳＫ型干扰抑制。模拟结果表明，ＦＴＦ算法比遵循ＬＭＳ准则的可变步长ＬＭＳ（ＶＳＳ）算法有显著的优势。文中给出了模拟结果并进行了分析。