基因工程菌生物强化膜-生物反应器工艺启动期影响因素研究

基因工程菌生物强化膜-生物反应器工艺经过启动期之后,可以实现对阿特拉津的高效稳定去除,去除率在90%以上.不同条件下,启动期最短2 d,最长可达12 d.阿特拉津初始进水负荷、运行温度和工程菌接种密度,对启动期具有显著影响.增加阿特拉津初始进水负荷、提高运行温度和增加基因工程菌接种密度,可以实现快速启动.进水水质对启动期影响不大,在人工配水和实际污水2种进水条件下,启动期基本相同,而且稳定期2种进水的阿特拉津去除情况也没有差异,说明进水水质对启动期和稳定期阿特拉津的去除影响都不大.     

固定化工程菌对偶氮染料脱色及强化作用

利用聚亚胺酯大孔泡沫吸附固定基因工程菌Escherichia coli JM109 (pGEX-AZR),研究其对偶氮染料的脱色动力学及生物强化作用.实验表明,固定的E.coli JM109(pGEX-AZR) 对酸性大红GR的脱色动力学符合Andrews方程,动力学常数为μ_max,c、K_c、K_ic分别为49 .2 mg·(g·h)^-1、710 .43 mg·L^-1和681 .62　mg·L^-1,R²为0 .995.将固定的E.coli JM109(pGEX-AZR)按10%的比例投加到厌氧序批式活性污泥反应器中连续运行32 d,含有固定化工程菌的强化体系耐浓度冲击的能力和脱色率均高于对照体系,脱色率可以稳定在90%以上.利用RISA对其微生物群落结构进行分析,E.coli JM109(pGEX-AZR)及降解酸性大红GR的优势菌群可以在污泥体系中稳定存在.     

适用于焚烧飞灰卫生填埋场共处置的浸出毒性鉴别程序研究

选取2种代表性垃圾焚烧飞灰,通过常规酸中和容量浸出实验和多级浸取实验,研究了酸中和容量消耗和浸出液pH值的变化规律.结果表明,现有的单批次浸出毒性鉴别程序对飞灰的酸中和容量消耗程度低,浸出液pH值高,不利于评价飞灰中重金属的潜在危险性.对比常规酸中和容量浸取实验和多级浸取实验结果,得出在垃圾焚烧飞灰与生活垃圾共处置情景（过流系统）下,中和过程与洗出过程同时发生,飞灰中有1/3左右的碱性物质参与了中和反应.在合理设定卫生填埋场参数的基础上,通过模拟计算,提出了适用于我国卫生填埋场飞灰共处置情景的浸出程序,其主要参数为：浸取液为乙酸溶液,酸度（以H⁺计）为0.3　mol·L^-1（pH=2.64）,液固比（L/S）为20.该浸出毒性鉴别程序可为我国垃圾焚烧飞灰的安全处置提供有效管理和可靠保障.     

制浆造纸废水生物强化技术研究进展

制浆造纸废水是国内外公认的难处理的工业废水之一,文章介绍了生物强化技术在制浆造纸废水中的应用现状,在分析中,主要从生物强化技术、固定化微生物技术和环境生物制剂等方面,总结了制剂造纸废水生物强化技术的研究进展,并讨论了今后的研究方向。     

外源全程硝化污泥对城市污水SPNA系统的影响

为强化城市污水短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化(SPNA)系统脱氮性能与稳定性,在间歇曝气条件下研究投加外源全程硝化污泥对城市污水SPNA系统的影响及机理.结果显示,空白组(SBR3)总氮去除率由35.5%升高至66.3%,短周期分批次投加外源全程硝化污泥(SBR2,投加周期为5d,投加比为2.5%)与长周期分批次投加(SBR1,投加周期为20d,投加比为10%)的SPNA系统总氮去除率分别由31.7%和36.5%升高至76.3%和67.2%,这表明,投加全程硝化污泥有利于提高SPNA系统的脱氮性能,且当投加总量相同时,短周期分批次投加的效果优于长周期分批次投加.功能菌活性结果与脱氮效果一致,SBR1～SBR3的厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOB)最大活性分别由3.43mg-N/(L·h)升高至7.66,8.19和7.31mg-N/(L·h),氨氧化细菌(AOB)与亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)活性比分别为8.79,9.83和8.78.在间歇曝气条件下投加全程硝化污泥,可选择性抑制NOB、富集AOB,提高AOB与NOB的活性比,利于稳定短程硝化效果,为AnAOB提供稳定的基质,且短周期分批次投加可降低外源硝化污泥...     

絮凝与生物强化组合技术处理油田含聚污水

针对河南油田采油污水,室内选择4种常用无机絮凝剂与阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)复配,筛选出最佳的絮凝剂用量:聚合氯化铝(PAC)用量为300 mg/L,CPAM用量为10 mg/L。研究了投加HPAM降解菌对油田含聚污水中COD的去除效果,优选出2株以聚合物(HPAM)为唯一碳源的降解菌,通过分子生物学16SrDNA鉴定,XL-1和XL-2菌分别为苏云金芽孢杆菌和溶血不动杆菌。实验结果表明,在温度为30℃,pH为7.5,降解72 h的条件下,XL-1菌的B/C增大了0.11,COD去除率提高了11.03%;XL-2菌的B/C增大了0.07,COD去除率提高了6.3%。油田污水经絮凝-生物强化组合工艺处理后,出水COD平均值为77.1 mg/L,总去除率为73.2%,絮凝段和生化段工艺的COD去除率分别为54.1%和19.1%,达到《污水综合排放标准(GB/T 8978-1996)》排放标准。     

Development of functional composts using spent coffee grounds,poultry manure and biochar through microbial bioaugmentation

Spent coffee grounds (SCG), poultry manure, and agricultural waste-derived biochar were used to manufacture functional composts through microbial bioaugmentation. The highest yield of tomato stalk-based biochar (40.7%) was obtained at 450°C with a surface area of 2.35 m² g^?1. Four pilot-scale composting reactors were established to perform composting for 45 days. The ratios of NH₄⁺–N/NO₃^?–N, which served as an indicator of compost maturity, indicate rapid, and successful composting via microbial bioaugmentation and biochar amendment. Moreover, germination indices for radish also increased by 14–34% through augmentation and biochar amendment. Microbial diversity was also enhanced in the augmented and biochar-amended composts by 7.1–8.9%, where two species of Sphingobacteriaceae were dominant (29–43%). The scavenging activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were enhanced by 14.1% and 8.6% in the fruits of pepper plants grown in the presence of the TR-2 (augmentation applied only) and TR-3 (both augmentation and biochar amendment applied) composts, respectively. Total phenolic content was also enhanced by 68% in the fruits of the crops grown in TR-3. Moreover, the other compost, TR-L (augmentation applied only), boosted DPPH scavenging activity by 111% in leeks compared with commercial organic fertilizer, while TR-3 increased the phenolic content by 44.8%. Composting facilitated by microbial augmentation and biochar amendment shortened the composting time and enhanced the quality of the functional compost. These results indicate that functional compost has great potential to compete with commercially available organic fertilizers and that the novel composting technology could significantly contribute to the eco-friendly recycling of organic wastes such as spent coffee grounds, poultry manure, and agricultural wastes.     

Nutrient depletion is the main limiting factor in the crude oil bioaugmentation process

The biodegradation was considered as the prime mechanism of crude oil degradation. To validate the efficacy and survival of the crude oil-degrading strain in a bioremediation process, the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (egfp) was introduced into Acinetobacter sp. HC8–3S. In this study, an oil-contaminated sediment microcosm was conducted to investigate the temporal dynamics of the physicochemical characterization and microbial community in response to bacterium amendment. The introduced strains were able to survive, flourish and degrade crude oil quickly in the early stage of the bioremediation. However, the high abundance cannot be maintained due to the ammonium (NH₄⁺-N) and phosphorus (PO₄^3?-P) contents decreased rapidly after 15 days of remediation. The sediment microbial community changed considerably and reached relatively stable after nutrient depletion. Therefore, the addition of crude oil and degrading cells did not show a long-time impact on the original microbial communities, and sufficient nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients ensures the survive and activity of degrader. Our studies expand the understanding of the crude oil degradative processes, which will help to develop more rational bioremediation strategies.     

高效生物强化工艺处理焦化废水的试验研究

采用高效生物强化工艺对山东某焦化企业的废水处理站进行生产性试验研究,经过4个月的调试和稳定运行,处理后出水达GB 8978—1996一级标准《污水综合排放标准》,其中COD和氨氮去除率分别达95.6%～97.9%、98%～100%,证明该工艺适用于焦化等相关行业的污水处理。     

生物强化技术处理2,6-二叔丁基酚的研究

利用从腈纶废水处理厂中分离出来的一株2,6二叔丁基酚高效降解菌F34菌株,进行生物强化处理技术研究。通过对照环境中的2,6二叔丁基酚降解效果的比较分析,发现包埋后的F34菌株降解底物的能力相比游离的略有提高;F34菌株在活性污泥存在时受到其抑制作用,通过包埋,菌株所受的抑制作用减弱;在含活性污泥的B.H.和实际废水的环境中,投加F34菌株包埋颗粒显著改善了原系统对底物的处理能力,其对底物的去除率分别提高了164%和71.4%。