Potential histopathological and molecular changes in rat vas deferens inhaled by Boswellia papyrifera and Boswellia carterii

Boswellia papyrifera and Boswellia carterii released from smoke contaminate indoor environment and consequently adversely affect humans as evidenced by respiratory disturbances. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of these plants on pathological and biochemical changes in vas deferens of albino rats. Animals were administered 4 g/kg body weight B. papyrifera and B. carterii daily for 120 days along with controls. Significant changes were observed in epithelial cell types and some cells showed signs of degeneration. The ultrastructural studies revealed marked changes in cytoplasmic organelles. Microvilli were missing and lysosomes were found in the cytoplasm. In addition, all treated groups plasma fructose and other biochemical parameters were decreased indicating reduced energy necessary for motility and contractility of spermatozoa. Many spermatozoa were disorganized and agglomerated. Data suggest that smoke from these plants adversely affects vas deferens.     

Effect of dietary Jatropha curcas seed meal on rabbits infested by adult ticks of Hyalomma marginatum marginatum

The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the oral administration of Jatropha curcas seed meal (JCSM) on serum biochemical parameters and histopathology of skin, liver, and kidney of rabbits experimentally infested by Hyalomma marginatum marginatum. Thirty healthy mixed-breed rabbits were randomly divided into five equal groups. The first group was kept as a control and fed soya bean meal. The remaining groups were fed diets containing 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, or 10% JCSM. At the sixth week, each group was divided into two subgroups. Ticks were introduced to all members of one subgroup, the other subgroup being kept as control. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for biochemical parameters before (zero time) and after the treatment, on the 6th and 8th weeks. Histopathological studies were conducted 8 weeks after the treatment. The results revealed that JCSM could be used in the treatment of ectoparasites at levels of less than 10% in the diet without any serious effects on liver and kidney functions.     

铜与锌对香樟、广玉兰及榉树生理生化特性的复合影响

为了解土壤中铜（Cu）与锌（Zn）对不同乔木抗氧化系统的复合影响及植物生态修复土壤cu和Zn复合污染的生理生化基础,以香樟（Cinnamomumcamphora）、广玉兰（Magnolia grandiflora）和榉树（Zelkovaschneideriana）3种乔木为实验材料,采用土培盆栽方法,研究单-Cu2＋（75mg·L-1）溶液和单一Zn2＋（210mg·L-1）溶液及两者复合溶液污灌对香樟、广玉兰和榉树叶片丙二醛（MDA）含量、脯氨酸（Pro）含量、过氧化物酶（POD）活性和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的动态影响。结果表明,Zn2＋／t~用下3种乔木MDA含量升高,Cu2＋作用下MDA含量降低,Zn2＋和Cu2＋复合作用下3种乔木MDA含量低于Zn2＋作用,即210mg-L。Zn2＋对3种乔木生长的毒害作用比75mg·L。Cu2＋明显,两者复合作用使Zn2＋的伤害作用减轻。随胁迫时间延长,香樟POD和CAT活性增加,MDA含量和Pro含量减少。广玉兰细胞活性氧代谢失衡,POD活性和CAT活性急剧上升,第7天时分别达到1243．89％和300．00％（单一Cu2＋’）、149．22％和60．00％（单一Zn2＋）、653．96％和170．00％（Cu2＋和Zn2＋复合作用）。榉树无法承受高浓度Cu2＋和Zn2＋伤害而死亡。综合考虑,Zn2＋对3种乔木伤害严重,Cu2＋在诱导POD和CAT活性过程中与zn2＋存在拮抗作用,香樟对重金属Cu2＋和zn2＋的耐性最强。     

Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles and multiwall carbon nanotubes on the freshwater diatom Nitzschia frustulum: evaluation of growth,cellular components and morphology

Great attention should be paid to the possible impacts of various nanoparticles on aquatic organism. Freshwater diatoms are essential components of phytoplankton and play a critical role in bioassessment of nanoparticle exposure in the environment. In this study, cell growth was inhibited by TiO₂-NPs and MWCNTs, the 24?h EC₅₀ values of TiO₂-NPs and MWCNTs to Nitzschia frustulum were 20.75 and 24.64?mg?L^?1, respectively. Significant decreases of Chl a content after TiO₂-NPs exposures were detected and the Chl a content of N. frustulum was obviously increased by MWCNTs treatment at lower concentration. The ROS was detected in N. frustulum after TiO₂-NPs and MWCNTs exposures. The MDA content was significantly induced by TiO₂-NPs at lower concentrations of 24 and 48?h exposure; meanwhile, it increased at all tested concentrations at 24?h MWCNTs exposure. The SOD enzyme was induced by 72 and 96?h TiO₂-NPs exposure, and increased by MWCNTs treatment at 96?h in N. frustulum. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that N. frustulum had obvious cell deformation after TiO₂-NPs treatment. The result showed that the physiological and biochemical response mechanisms after NPs exposure of diatom were species-specific, and in relation to the exposure concentration and time.     

蒽醌染料生产废水处理工艺研究

采用脱硫、混合初沉、微电解、中和沉淀、催化氧化、混凝沉淀、生化工艺，可以对蒽醌染料生产废水进行有效的处理，COD（平均值）可从66000mg/L以上降至96mg/L左右，色度（平均值）可从8000倍降至90倍以下，基本可以实现达标排放。     

生化法在炼油厂污水处理中的应用

生化法因其处理成本低、运行稳定可靠等优点，在炼油污水处理中得到了广泛的应用。就目前炼油厂在污水处理中所应用的主要生化法进行了分类、综述及前景展望。     

Biochemical Cooperation Between Klebsiella oxytoca Sc and Methylobacterium mesophilium Sr for Complete Degradation of Dimethyl Isophthalate

Klebsiella oxytoca Sc and Methylobacterium mesophilicum Sr were isolated from enrichment cultures using dimethyl isophthalate (DMI) as the sole carbon and energy source and mangrove sediment as an inoculum. Complete degradation of DMI required both species of bacteria at different biochemical transformation steps. The biochemical degradation pathway was DMI to monomethyl isophthalate (MMI) by K. oxytoca Sc, MMI to isophthalate (IPA) by M. mesophilium Sr, and IPA by both K. oxytoca Sc and M. mesophilium Sr sequentially. The consortium comprising of K. oxytoca Sc and M. mesophilicum Sr was effective in complete degradation of DMI in eight days. Our results suggest that a consortium of microorganisms indigenous to the mangrove environment is responsible for mineralization of environmental pollutant DMI through biochemical cooperation.     

浅述工业废水除油方法

介绍了工业含油废水的来源、性质及危害,对比分析了常用的废水除油方法．提出了今后废水除油技术的发展方向,认为要重视源头控制、采用多种方法联合处理及开发新型高效的废水除油处理系统。     

Disruption of biofilms from sewage pipes under physical and chemical conditioning

Biofilms grown inside two sewage collecting pipes located in industrial and residential areas are studied. Bacterial biomass inside three layers of biofilms was evaluated. Biofilm cohesion under different mixing rate and ionic strength was also investigated. Effects of physical and chemical parameters in the biofilms were evaluated by monitoring turbidity, chemical and biochemical oxygen demands. Extracted organic matter from biofilms was partitioned to polar, aromatic and saturated fractions using activated silica column chromatography. Results revealed that bacterial biomass growth depending on biofilm thickness and stratification. The most loaded stratum in bacterial biomass was the sewage-biofilm interface stratum that represented 51% of the total bacterial biomass. Stirring rate and ionic strength of mono and bivalent salts showed a major influence in biofilm disruption. The stirring time enhanced the exchange dynamic and matter capture between biofilm fragments at the critical stirring rate 90 r/min. Sodium chloride showed the dispersing effect on biofilms in suspension, and decreased the BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand) beyond the physiological salt concentration.     

太湖化学耗氧量和生化需氧量的时空分布特征

基于2009年2月(冬季)、5月(春季)、8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)全太湖32个站点的化学耗氧量(COD)、生化需氧量(BOD)、溶解性总氮(DTN)、溶解性总磷(DTP)、浮游植物色素数据,分析了太湖COD、BOD的时空分布特征,并探讨了影响COD、BOD时空分布的因素.结果表明,2009年太湖COD值为3.40～6.16mg·L-1,平均值为(4.38±0.72)mg·L-1;BOD为0.64～5.93mg·L-1,平均值为(1.91±1.63)mg·L-1.COD值在秋冬季节较高,其值显著大于春夏季(p0.001);而BOD值冬季较高,其它季节都较低.COD与BOD的空间分布格局相似,呈现出自竺山湾、太湖西北沿岸区向梅梁湾区、湖心区、东南湖湾区依次递减的趋势.分类统计结果显示,河口沿岸区COD、BOD值显著高于开敞水域区(p0.001).相关性分析结果表明,COD、BOD与DTN、DTP、浮游植物色素的相关性存在季节性差异.夏季浮游植物色素浓度与COD、BOD相关系数最高,说明夏季浮游植物降解对水体内COD和BOD的贡献要高于其它季节.COD与BOD的时空分布特征主要受降雨量、河流输入、"引江济太"及太湖浮游植物活动等的影响.