大气中痕量挥发性有机物的结构表征和保留时间的估计与预测

采用分子电性距离矢量（MEDV）表征大气中痕量挥发性有机物的分子结构,同时采用逐步回归结合统计检测对模型进行变量筛选,建立了大气中痕量挥发性有机物定量结构-色谱保留（QSRR）关系的8个变量和5个变量模型,两种QSRR模型的建模计算值复相关系数（R）分别为0.937和0.931;留一法（leave-one-out）交互校验复相关系数（RCV）分别为0.901和0.906,表明模型具有良好的估计能力与稳定性.     

Use of Biotic Community Structure as a Measure of Ecological Degradation

The benthic macroinvertebrate communities of two lotic aquatic habitats,namely,the Churni River(C-R)and the Jalangi River(J-R)were compared in this study.One lotic aquatic system(C-R)was polluted by organic pollutants due to discharge of unprocessed sewage water,while the other(J-R)was not affected by such pollution.Evaluations of various physico-chemical properties of water,sediment and different macroinvertebrate communities of the two tropical lotic systems were done in a period from January,2002 to December,2003.A long term temporal change in the macroinvertebrate communities was recorded due to increase in sediment rH value.Sediment redox potential affected by the anthropogenic activities was found to be an important factor for alteration of macroinvertebrate communities in these aquatic ecosystems.A positive correlation has been established between rH and Margalef index in this study.Potassium and the total count of coliform bacteria in water showed significantly higher values for the polluted Churni River than those for the Jalangi River.Fig 3,Tab 4,Ref 34     

主动采样技术在中国大气POPs监测中的应用

为了履行斯德哥尔摩公约,查明持久性有机污染物(POPs)在中国大气环境介质的存在水平,该研究首次采用主动采样技术,在中国境内大尺度范围内进行了环境大气中POPs的监测工作.利用主动采样技术,可以在短时间内采集数百立方米的大气样品.分别利用玻璃纤维滤膜采集大气颗粒物(固相)中的POPs,同时使用聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)吸附气态的POPs.该采样技术还便于样品的运输和保存.研究表明,大气主动采样技术可以很好地运用于区域大气POPs的监测工作并填补了我国在POPs履约监测中专用仪器设备的空白.     

真空紫外光离子化检测器可检测的化合物

给出了450余种,利用真空紫外光离子化检测器可检测的化合物名单.     

固定化微生物处理有机污染物的研究进展

综述了近年来固定化微生物技术用于有机污染物治理中的最新进展，这些有机污染物包括难降解有机污染物（酚类、芳香烃类等）及其它化合物（DMP、甲硫醇恶臭气体、制药废水等）。此外，对藻类固定化技术作了简介，并对固定化技术的应用前景及存在问题进行了评述。     

辽河流域浑河沈阳段地表水重点控制有机污染物的筛选

采用美国环保局工业环境实验室提出的化学物质的“潜在危害指数法”,对辽河流域浑河沈阳段地表水和底质中检出的有机污染物的潜在危害进行了排序,参考国内外有毒化学品优先控制名单的筛选原则和方法,结合本流域的实际情况,制定出重点控制有机污染物的评分标准,提出辽河流域浑河沈阳段重点控制有机污染物名单。考虑到个别有机污染物在水中的浓度很低,但在底质中相对含量较高,所以将底质的检测结果也纳入评分标准。     

Small mammals as indicators of short-term and long-term disturbance in mixed prairie

Disturbance by military maneuvers over short and long time scales may have differential effects on grassland communities. We assessed small mammals as indicators of disturbance by military maneuvers in a mixed prairie in southern Oklahoma USA. We examined sites on two soil series, Foard and Lawton, across a gradient of disturbance intensity. A MANOVA showed that abundance of small mammals was associated (p = 0.03) with short-term (cover of vehicle tracks) disturbance but was not associated (p = 0.12) with long-term (loss of soil organic carbon, SOC) disturbance intensity. At the individual species level, Sigmodon hispidus (cotton rat) and Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse) occurred across all levels of disturbance and in both soil types. Only P. maniculatus abundance changed (p < 0.01) with short-term disturbance and increased by about one individual per 5% of additional track-cover. Abundance of P. maniculatus also increased (p = 0.04) by about three individuals per 1% increase in soil carbon. Chaetodipus hispidus (hispid pocket mouse) and Reithrodontomys fulvescens (fulvous harvest mouse) only occurred in single soil types limiting their potential as more general indicators. Abundance of P. maniculatus was positively related to shifts in plant species composition and likely reflected changes in vegetation structure (i.e. litter depth) and forage availability resulting from disturbance. Peromyscus maniculatus may be a useful biological indicator of ecosystem change because it responded predictably to both long-term and short-term disturbance and, when coupled with soil, plant, and disturbance history variables, can reveal land condition trends.     

Characteristics of atmospheric carbonyls and VOCs in Forest Park in South China

The diurnal variation of atmospheric carbonyls and VOCs in a forest in south China were studied in summer 2004. Twenty kinds of carbonyls and eight kinds of VOCs were identified and quantified. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the two most abundant carbonyls, while the most abundant VOCs were isoprene, followed by o-xylene. Most C₃-C₁₀ carbonyls had higher concentrations from 09:00 to 15:00, and their levels were lower during night-time and often reached the lowest in early morning. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, however, showed two high levels in their diurnal patterns partly due to their different sources and sinks. The VOCs had different diurnal patterns compared to most carbonyls. The highest concentrations were observed from 03:00 to 06:00 for 1-butene, from 06:00 to 12:00 for isoprene, and from 12:00 to 15:00 for α-pinene. The highest levels for aromatic hydrocarbons occurred during midnight and the lowest in late afternoon. According to the study, emissions from vegetation and photo-oxidation of gas-phase hydrocarbons were the main sources for some carbonyls and VOCs in this region. Other compounds, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and BTEX, showed anthropogenic sources.     

合成有机物结构-生物降解性关系的研究

本文综述了合成有机物生物降解性的研究方法.以及定性结构-生物降解性关系(SBR).重点综述了芳香类化合物的结构与生物降解性的关系.研究这一关系有助于有毒化学品生物降解性的预测.     

水稻施用耐氨固氮菌的效应研究

定位试验表明：施用耐氨固氮菌能促进水稻根系对氮素的吸收，显著增加水稻产量．耐氨固氮菌具有固氮能力，但按现行的施用量则固氮水平不足３０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２．在施氮水平较高的情况下。施用耐氨固氮菌能增加土壤有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量．