生物降解材料聚乳酸的合成及应用研究

聚乳酸（HA）是具有良好生物相容性和生物可降解性的高分子材料，正受到人们越来越多的关注，近年来被广泛应用。综述了PLA的两种合成方法——乳酸直接缩聚和丙交酯的开环聚合法，论述了PLA在药物控制释放、骨科固定、手术缝合线及日常生活等领域中的应用，展望了HA的合成、开发现状及应用前景。     

包埋固定化菌去除絮凝余水中氨氮的研究

研究采用聚乙烯醇（PVA）为载体的包埋固定化微生物处理低浓度氨氮絮凝余水,较短的水力停留时间（HRT）成功实现了氨氮的去除,在HRT为3h之内从地表水环境质量V类水标准以外达到了I类水标准,同时该菌对CODCr也有一定的去除能力,并系统的研究了HRT、颗粒填充率对絮凝余水处理效果的影响。     

利用固相反硝化同时去除水中硝酸盐和4-氯酚

研究了固相反硝化技术同时去除水中硝酸盐和4-氯酚的可行性.结果表明,以可降解餐盒为碳源和微生物附着载体进行异养反硝化,能有效去除水中的硝酸盐.在批式实验条件下,当NO^-₃-N初始浓度为50 mg/L时,平均反硝化速率为24.0 mg/(L·h).当4-氯酚浓度低于30 mg/L时,对反硝化脱氮有促进作用;大于40 mg/L时,对反硝化有抑制作用.在反硝化条件下,当4-氯酚的初始浓度分别为5 mg/L和30 mg/L时,8　h后其去除率分别为90%和71%,4-氯酚的去除是由于可降解餐盒的吸附作用及附着微生物的降解作用.     

Co-inhibition of methanogens for methane mitigation in biodegradable wastes

The inhibition effects and mechanisms of chlorinated methane and acetylene on methanogenesis in the anaerobic digestion process of the biodegradable wastes were investigated.It was found that both chloroform and acetylene could effectively inhibit methanogens while the biodegradability of the wastes was not affected.Acetylene inhibited the activity of methanogens,while chloroform inhibited metabolic process of methanogenesis.A central composite design (CCD) and response surface regression analysis (RSREG) were employed to determine the optimum conditions and interaction effects of chloroform and acetylene in terms of inhibition efficiency,production of volatile fatty acids and molar ratio of propionic acid to acetic acid.Chloroform had significant effect on enhancing the production of VFA (F = 121.3;p<0.01),and acetylene promoted the inhibition efficiency (F = 99.15;p<0.05) more effectively than chloroform (F = 9.72;p>0.05).In addition,a maximum molar ratio of propionic acid to acetic acid of 1.208 was estimated under the optimum conditions of chloroform concentration of 9.05 mg/kg and acetylene concentration of 3.6×10-3 (V/V).Hence,methanogens in the wastes can be inhibited while the stabilization process of the biodegradable wastes can still work well,as propionic acid generated during the inhibition process could hardly be utilized by methanogens.     

饮用水生物稳定性控制指标体系研究

主要阐述了饮用水生物稳定性的主要控制指标AOC(可生物同化有机碳)、BDOC(可生物降解溶解性有机碳)、TP(总磷)、MAP(可生物利用磷)、BGP(细菌生长潜力)及其测定方法和AOC-T DWMS评价体系.利用层次分析法确定了在城市输水管网中各控制指标的重要性权,使城市饮用水的处理更具有针对性,保证城市饮用水的生物稳定性.     

零价铁处理污水的机理及应用

介绍了零价铁的性质及其处理污水的机理,概述了零价铁在处理含重金属、染料、多氯化合物、生物难降解有机物等废水的应用状况,评述了零价铁处理废水的特点及应用前景。      

易降解有机物对氯苯好氧生物降解性能影响

利用测定微生物呼吸耗氧量的方法,从生物氧化程度出发,对氯苯在单基质条件下的好氧生物降解性能及易降解有机物对受试物的生物降解性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明,受试物的生物氧化率与浓度无关,易降解有机物的存在有利于受试物的降解,生物氧化率的增加值随所投易降解BOD₅浓度的关系具有类似米－门公式的形式。     

易降解有机物对氯代芳香化合物好氧生物降解性能的影响

利用测定微生呼吸耗氧量的方法,从生物氧化程度出发,研究易降解有机物对氯代芳香化合物生物解性能的影响。结果表明,易降解有机物的存在有利于受试物的降解,生物氧化率的增加值与所投易降解ＢＯＤ５浓度的关系具有类似米－门公式的形式。     

陶粒填料生物滴滤塔处理二甲苯废气

以两种不同的陶粒作为生物滴滤床填料净化二甲苯废气,研究了喷淋液量、气体流量、进气负荷、喷淋液中氨氮浓度及填料层高度对净化效率的影响,并对两种填料的使用效果进行了对比。结果表明：二甲苯废气进气流量越小、进气负荷越低,净化效果越好;充足的氮源是高净化率的保证;对于较高浓度的废气,需要适当增加填料层高来达到净化要求;使用具有比表面积大的陶粒作为填料,可以使设备挂膜时间更短、能耗更低,净化效率更高。     

Evaluation of a respirometric test method to determine the heterotrophic yield coefficient of activated sludge bacteria

The heterotrophic yield coefficient of activated sludge bacteria is an important parameter in the field of wastewater degradation kinetics and the determination of degradation kinetics of defined chemicals. With the help of easily biodegradable organic compounds like glucose and acetate the respiration kinetics of degrading activated sludge bacteria was studied. The results of the respiration analysis were transformed to examine the degradation and respiration kinetics of municipal wastewaters at different food to microorganism ratios (F/M ratios). It was proved that the heterotrophic yield coefficient of aerobically degrading activated sludge bacteria could reliably be determined and that the heterotrophic yield coefficient was independent of the F/M ratio over a wide range.