亲水聚合物改性微滤膜在膜生物反应器中的膜污染研究

采用经过聚合多巴胺和氨基聚乙二醇(mPEG-NH_2)表面改性的PVDF微滤膜,通过浸没在膜生物反应器(MBR)中验证改性微滤膜的抗污染性能.同时,采用多种分析手段对改性膜进行表征,包括膜表面微观形貌、润湿性、粗糙度和表面官能团等.实验同时考察了改性膜在MBR中运行的水通量衰减、污染膜的阻力分布,以及对膜面污染物的胞外多聚物组分的影响.结果发现,所采用的膜改性方法明显改善了膜表面的亲水性.短期过滤实验结果表明,多巴胺涂覆膜的稳定通量比原膜高47%,PEG改性膜则在水通量方面有进一步提高;在长期恒通量过滤阶段,多巴胺涂覆膜和PEG接枝膜的比膜通量分别比原膜高37%和88%.实验还发现,改性膜表面滤饼层中蛋白质和多糖含量均低于原膜.     

Adsorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions by aminated hypercrosslinked polymers

Two novel polymers （NJ-1 and N J-2） were synthesized by chemically modified a hypercrosslinked polymer NJ-0 with dimethylamine and trimethylamine, respectively. The comparison of the adsorption properties of the three polymers toward phenol, resorcin and phloroglucin was made. The study focused on the static equilibrium adsorption behaviors and the adsorption thermodynamics. Freundlich equation was found to fit the adsorption results well. The effect of amino groups introduced onto the surface of the resin and the structure of phenolic compounds on the adsorption were also studied. The hydrogen-bonding interaction and electrostatic interaction could happen between the amino groups and the adsorbates. The adsorption impetus increased as quantity of hydroxyl groups increased, but the adsorption capacity decreased due to the drop of the matching degree of the aperture of resins and the diameter of adsorbate molecules.     

Synthesis of linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite as an adsorbent for removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions

The purpose of this work is to remove Pb(II) from the aqueous solution using a type of hydrogel composite. A hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, acrylic acid, starch, and organo-montmorillonite was prepared through emulsion polymerization method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Solid carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CNMR)), silicon^-29 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Si NMR)), and X-ray diffraction spectroscope ((XRD) were applied to characterize the hydrogel composite. The hydrogel composite was then employed as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from the aqueous solution. The Pb(II)-loaded hydrogel composite was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ((XPS)). From XPS results, it was found that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the hydrogel composite participated in the removal of Pb(II). Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of Pb(II) followed the pseudo-second-order equation. It was also found that the Langmuir model described the adsorption isotherm better than the Freundlich isotherm. The maximum removal capacity of the hydrogel composite for Pb(II) ions was 430 mg/g. Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent.     

填充床放电等离子体反应器对铜绿微囊藻的生长抑制

研究了放电等离子体反应器中气量和填加固体玻璃球介质对铜绿微囊藻生长抑制和过氧化氢产量、能量与pH对藻生长抑制,以及填充床反应器对藻叶绿素a和细胞数的影响.结果表明,气量的增加和玻璃球介质的填加虽然提高了放电等离子体反应器处理当天对藻生长抑制的效果,但作用不明显;而随着处理后放置培养时间的增加,藻的光密度先略微增加后显著下降,在气量为0.75 m3/h的填充床放电等离子体反应器中,处理40 min后的样品在放置培养到第5 d时,藻的光密度去除率达到了87.3%;过氧化氢产量也随气量的增加和玻璃球介质的填加而得到提高,尤其是固体玻璃球介质的填加使得放电40 min时(气量为0.75 m3/h),过氧化氢的浓度即从无添加玻璃球介质时的4.6μmol/L提高到了38.3μmol/L,进而提高系统在处理后放置培养过程中过氧化氢对藻的破坏作用;向填充床放电等离子体反应器注入的能量越大,藻生长抑制的效果越明显;弱碱性处理条件对藻生长抑制的作用比弱酸性明显,且酸性溶液在处理当天pH升高,碱性溶液降低,但在放置培养期间均趋于中性;该填充床反应器对藻叶绿素a浓度和细胞数的去除效果显著,在处理40 min后放置培养的第5 d,叶绿素a浓度和细胞数去除率全部达到100%.     

Extraction of copper from sewage sludge using biodegradable chelant EDDS

[S,S]-Ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid(EDDS),a biodegradable chelant,was used to separate the heavy metals from the sewage sludge based on chemical extraction technology.Under various conditions,the extraction experiments were carried out for the sewage sludge from Shanghai Taopu Municipal Wastewater Plant,China.The influences ofpH and the concentration of EDDS on the extraction efficiency for copper(Cu)were discussed.The results showed that EDDS had higher extraction efficiency for Cu from the sewage slud...     

活性污泥胞外多聚物的研究进展

本文阐明研究胞外多聚物的重要性入手,从它的性质,来源,在污水和污泥处理中各方面的影响作用,以及胞多聚物的分离提取方法几方面,综述了活性污泥胞外多聚物的研究发展和现状,并提出了一些可供进一步的探索的问题。     

苯酚分子印迹聚合物的合成、表征及吸附性能研究

以苯酚为模板,2-Vpy为功能单体,EGDMA为交联剂,采用本体聚合方式在氯仿溶剂中合成了一系列分子印迹聚合物,并通过静态吸附实验对聚合物的选择吸附性进行评价.结果显示,以氯仿作为致孔剂,模板分子与功能单体的摩尔比为1∶2时,聚合物对模板分子的印迹因子为3.96,最大表现结合量(Qmax)为120.7 mmol/g,具...     

Sorption of carbamazepine, 17α-ethinylestradiol, iopromide and trimethoprim to biomass involves interactions with exocellular polymeric substances

The sorption of carbamazepine (CBZ), iopromide (IOP), trimethoprim (TMP) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) was evaluated using four biomass types (pure ammonia oxidizing bacterial culture, two heterotrophic enrichment cultures with varying levels of oxygenase activity, and a full-scale nitrifying activated sludge (NAS) culture). CBZ and IOP did not sorb to the four biomass types. EE2 did not sorb to the pure culture but sorbed significantly to the heterotrophic cultures and NAS. TMP sorbed to the heterotrophic cultures and NAS, and was not evaluated for the pure culture. Three floc characteristics (hydrophobicity, median particle size, organic matter content) correlated moderately well with the EE2 organic matter sorption coefficient (K_OM,EE2). Zeta potential did not correlate well with K_OM,EE2 but did with K_OM,TMP, indicating that TMP sorption is more influenced by electrostatic factors than EE2. Once divalent cation-linked exocellular polymeric substances (EPS) were removed from flocs, EE2 and TMP sorption to the non-EPS (cellular) fraction decreased by approximately 50%. The correlation between K_OM,EE2 for the non-EPS cellular fraction deteriorated while the correlation between K_OM,TMP improved. EE2 seemed to sorb more strongly to EPS protein whereas TMP sorbed equally to polysaccharide and protein EPS. Attempts to develop predictive models were not successful. Pharmaceuticals that sorbed to biomass samples underwent biodegradation whereas those that did not sorb were not biodegraded, suggesting a relationship between sorption and pharmaceutical biotransformation.     

铬渣冷固结球团的还原实验及其解毒机理

铬渣中六价铬对人体和生态环境都有严重的危害,必须进行处理。在铬渣加入粘结剂、煤粉或铁精矿粉制成冷固结球团,在一定温度下进行还原解毒。实验表明,在1200℃以下用煤气铬渣球团,铬渣基本解毒;在1400℃熔炼还原后的铬渣球团,可使铬全部还原成金属铬或Cr7C3,在铁碳化合物存在的情况下,可形成(Fe·Cr)7C3,铬渣彻底解毒,并能回收铬渣中的Cr、Fe等元素。故可将铬渣制成冷固结球团进行还原解毒,进行高温熔炼后,可达到铬渣无害化、资源化处理。     

正十六烷微生物吸附降解的荧光显微研究

使用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜（CLSM）系统,以罗丹明123（Rhodamine123）为荧光探针,定量研究了石油组分正十六烷在石油降解菌（大庆油田石油污染土壤中的优势菌种,革兰氏阴性G^-、黄杆菌属Flavobacterium）细胞膜上的吸附降解动态变化过程。研究发现：微生物培养体系加入正十六烷120s后,正十六烷在菌株膜上的浓度变化在不断增大,呈现出不规则的锯齿状攀升;在攀升过程中,峰谷之间出现明显有“节奏”的振荡传递;在0～508内,正十六烷处于吸附运输的加速阶段;在50—120s内,正十六烷不断被吸附并累积于细胞膜表面,处于吸附积累阶段,使用幂指数定律建立该微生物膜上的正十六烷的动力学方程,确定其动力学级数为2级,微生物降解正十六烷的速率常数为6×e^-5。