1株氯苯高效降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性

分离筛选到1株能以氯苯为唯一碳源和能源的菌株LW26,根据菌株的形态、生理生化特征、16S rRNA序列分析以及Biolog鉴定,确定该菌株为戴尔福特菌(Delftia tsuruhatensis),其为新发现的具有氯苯降解能力的菌株,并且该菌株能降解BETX、正己烷和环己烷等常见的有机污染物.实验考察了温度、pH、氯苯初始浓度、Cl-浓度等因素对菌株生长和降解性能的影响.结果表明,该菌株较为适宜的生长和降解条件为:温度25℃、pH 7.0;底物耐受浓度高达500 mg·L~(-1);当Cl-浓度超过0.14 mol·L~(-1)时,菌株生长会受到抑制.利用Haldane模型对实验数据拟合得到菌株LW26的最大比生长速率μmax和最大比降解速率γmax分别为0.42 h~(-1)和2.53 h~(-1).利用GC-MS进行中间产物分析,结果表明菌株LW26降解氯苯的过程中产生邻氯苯酚,结合邻苯二酚双加氧酶活性分析,推测氯苯经历邻位开环、脱氯、氧化等过程,最终矿化为CO2或转化为生物质.     

11种邻苯二甲酸酯在好氧污水处理系统中的归趋

邻苯二甲酸酯具有内分泌干扰效应,已对环境生物带来了较大的风险.研究了11种邻苯二甲酸酯的好氧生物降解性,及在活性污泥中的去除特性.快速生物降解性测试结果表明邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(dimethyl phthalate,DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二甲氧乙酯(dimethoxyethyl phthalate,BMEP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(diethyl phthalate,DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(diisobutyl phthalate,DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二戊酯(dinamyl phthalate,DNPP)、邻苯二甲酸二己酯(di-n-hexyl phthalate,DNHP)以及邻苯二甲酸-二(2-乙基)己酯[bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP]具有快速生物降解性,邻苯二甲酸二壬酯(dinonyl phthalate,DNP)及邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(dicyclohexyl phthalate,DHP)28d生物降解但未通过10 d观察期,邻苯二甲酸二苯酯(diphenyl phthalate,DPP)28 d生物降解率只有43.5%.好氧污泥降解动力学实验中,11种邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalic acid esters,PAEs)降解随时间变化呈典型的一级动力学规律,相关系数r20.96,降解速率常数为0.021~1.11h-1,降解半衰期在0.625~32.7 h之间.在室内好氧污泥模拟实验中,当水力停留时间为12 h时候,DNPP生物去除率为55%~70%,其余10种PAEs去除率大于80%,当水力停留时间为24 h时,所有PAEs去除率都达到90%以上.使用GC/MS分析了PAEs在好氧生化污水处理厂中的暴露水平,结果表明,DMP、DEP、DIBP、DBP以及DEHP在二级出水浓度分别为ND~44.0、ND~12.0、60.4~594、88.0~823和130~728 ng·L~(-1),PAEs在不同STP中的去除率结果差异较大,可能与STP运行工艺和运营水平有关.STP模型预测结果表明,PAEs在STP中的去除过程主要为生物降解,DPP、DNP和DEHP由于较高的lg Koc,可一定程度地被污泥吸附去除.     

DBP高效降解菌群的富集及其降解特性研究

以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)为唯一碳源及能源,从开封市垃圾焚烧发电厂活性污泥中富集得到细菌菌群LV-1,高通量测序显示LV-1共包含33个科、48个属,其中优势菌属为布鲁氏杆菌(Brucella sp.,62.78%)和中华杆菌(Sinobacter sp.,14.83%).在最佳降解条件下(30℃、p H6.0),LV-1 48 h内可将500 mg·L-1DBP降解93%左右,72 h内将1000 mg·L-1DBP降解95%以上.当DBP浓度为100~500 mg·L~(-1)时,LV-1对DBP的降解过程符合一级动力学方程,半衰期为13.64~19.20 h.利用GC-MS对DBP生物降解的中间产物进行分析,推测LV-1降解DBP的生化途径:DBP—→邻苯二甲酸-1-乙基-6-丁基酯(BEP)—→邻苯二甲酸单丁酯(MBP)—→邻苯二甲酸单乙酯(MEP)—→邻苯二甲酸(PA—→—→)CO_2+H_2O.此外,LV-1还能够有效降解侧链较短的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)及PA.     

焦化废水厌氧生物降解影响因素的识别

基于一系列焦化废水处理实地工程考察而尚未发现高浓度焦化废水厌氧产甲烷成功案例的实际问题,以广东韶钢焦化废水工程中COD为(4100±200)mg·L~(-1)的原水为研究对象,通过检测COD、TOC和苯酚等关键水质指标浓度变化及气体产量,以浓度梯度稀释的方法考察影响焦化废水厌氧降解的因素及其浓度阈值,主要涉及硫氰化物、苯酚、硫化物和氰化物,同时分析碳源结构改变所带来的厌氧降解特性的变异.结果发现:在pH为(7.0±0.5)、温度为(35.0±0.5)℃的条件下,当焦化废水COD被稀释至1500~1800 mg·L~(-1),接种活性污泥,能够检测到厌氧产甲烷的现象;在COD稀释至1800 mg·L~(-1)左右的焦化废水中分别投加不同浓度的硫氰化物、苯酚、硫化物和氰化物时,发现其单抑制浓度分别处在500~1500、1100~1250、200~250和30~40 mg·L~(-1);向未解除抑制的焦化废水(COD为2100 mg·L~(-1))中投加等COD浓度的乙酸钠、葡萄糖和甲醇3种常用的工业碳源改变原有的碳源结构时,发现乙酸型产甲烷菌的活性被抑制,而氢营养型产甲烷菌的活性并没受到明显抑制.上述研究结果说明,高浓度焦化废水难以厌氧降解,抑制因素的解除可以使厌氧菌激活,其中,氢营养型产甲烷菌较乙酸型产甲烷菌能够耐受更高的毒性物质浓度阈值.     

扑热息痛高效降解菌的选育及其生物强化效果

从制药厂废水生物处理系统活性污泥中经长期富集培养，分离、筛选得到5株扑热息痛高效降解菌。在扑热息痛浓度为1000mg/L的选择性培养基中，菌析Pl在摇床培养20h后，细胞数达到10^9/mL，对扑热息痛的降解率达到96.30%。在生物降解性能预测实验中，菌株Pl对含扑热息痛废水COD的去除率也明显高于其它来源的增生物，为了实现降解菌的资源化应用，试验将所分离得的各扑热息痛降解菌制成混合菌液投加于处理含扑热息痛等多种复杂的污染物废水的组合生物膜法和SBR法废水处理装置中，考察投菌量与生物强化效果的关系，结果发现：在投菌量为处理系统有效容积的0.20%（V/V），进水COD在440.33-1036.77mg/L之间波动时，生物强化效果显著。     

Dimethyl phthalate biodegradation by Dunaliella tertiolecta

Dunaliella tertiolecta has an ability to biodegrade dimethyl phthalate(DMP) was found in this study, and the average of the biodegradation rates were 11.3mg/L and 30.5mg/L per day, and the average of the phthalic acid (PA) production rates were 1.5 mg/L and 3.6 mg/L per day, for initial 100mg/L and 300 mg/L DMP,respectively. The larger amount of accumulation by D. tertiolecta under higher DMP concentration may be responsible for the increase of biodegradation rate, and one of products of DMP biodegradation by D. Tertiolecta may be PA. By fitting the process of DMP biodegradation by D. Tertiolecta with a kinetic equation newly suggested, the standard deviations between calculated and observedvalues were 2.5 mg/L and 5.7 mg/L, respectively.     

Biodegradation of synthetic surfactants by river microorganisms

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Decolorization and bio degradation metabolism of azo dyes by Pseudomonas S-42

A bacterial strain was isolated from activated sludge and has been identified as Pseudomonas sp. S-42 capable of decolorizing azo dyes such as Diamira Brilliant Orange RR (DBO-RR), Direct Brown M (DBM), Eriochrome Brown R (EBR) and so on. The growing cells, intact cells, cell-free extract and purified enzyme of strain S-42 could decolorize azo dyes under similar conditions at the optimum pH 7.0 and temperature of 37℃. The efficiencies of decolorization for DBO-RR, DBM, EBR with intact cells stood more than 90%. When the cell concentration was 15mg (wet)/ml and the reaction time was 5 hours, the decolorizing activities of intact cells for above three azo dyes were 1.75, 2.4, 0.95 μg dye/mg cell, respectively. Cell-free extract and purified enzyme belonged to azoreductase with molecular weight about 34000±2000 and Vmax and Km values for DBO-RR of 13μmol/mg protein/nun and 54μmol, respectively. The results from the detection of the biodegradation products of DBO-RR by spectrophotometric and NaNO2 reac     

Isolation and characterization of a bacterial strain that efficiently degrades sex steroid hormones

A bacterial strain, ZY3, growing on sex steroid hormones as the sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from the sewage treatment plant of a prophylactic steroids factory. ZY3 degrades the 3-methoxy-17β-hydroxy-1,3,5(10),8(9)-δ-4-estren (MHE). This strain was preliminarily identified as Raoultella sp. ZY3 according to its morphology and its 16S rRNA gene sequence. During the experimental period (72 h), the optimum temperature, pH and 3-MHE concentration for the degradation of hydride by the strain ZY3 were 35°C, 10 and 10 mg/L, respectively. The degradation rate of the sex steroid hormones increased to 87% and 85% after the addition of maltose and peptone, respectively. Translated from China Environmental Science, 2005, 25(5): 585–588 [译自: 中国环境科学]     

A test method for determining biodegradabilityof organic substances

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