Response of successive three generations of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), fed on cotton bolls under elevated CO2

The growth, development and consumption of successive three generations of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera （Htibner）, fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2 （double-ambient vs. ambient） in open-top chambers were examined. Significant decreases in protein, total amino acid, water and nitrogen content and increases in free fatty acid were observed in cotton bolls. Changes in quality of cotton bolls affected the growth, development and food utilization of H. armigera. Significantly longer larval development duration in three successive generations and lower pupal weight of the second and third generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower fecundity was also found in successive three generations of H. armigera fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The consumption per larva occurred significant increase in successive three generations and frass per larva were also significantly increased during the second and third generations under elevated CO2. Significantly lower relative growth rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food and significant higher relative consumption rate in successive three generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower potential female fecundity, larval numbers and population consumption were found in the second and third generations of cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The integrative effect of higher larval mortality rate and lower adult fecundity resulted in significant decreases in potential population consumption in the latter two generations. The results show that elevated CO2 adversely affects cotton bolls quality, which indicates the potential population dynamics and potential population consumption of cotton bollworm will alleviate the harm to the plants in the future rising CO2 atmosphere.     

第二代农民工及其市民化研究

农民工市民化是基于乡城劳动力两阶段转移的“中国路径”而提出的现实课题。第二代农民工不仅是一个在社会经济特征和个人特征方面与第一代农民工有着诸多显警不同的流动群体。而且也是最有市民化意愿和亟需市民化的群体。基于现有理论的局限性和中国特殊的现实提出了农民工市民化的命题并深入探讨了其内涵。进而在此基础上考察了第二代农民工的特征、第二代农民工的市民化进程及其面临的挑战。最后就第二代农民工市民化的进程环节和制度创新提出了针对性的对策建议。     

我国中小型燃煤锅炉SO2排放特征与控制对策

 基于87台中小型燃烟煤层燃炉(£70MW)的燃料特性分析数据和SO2排放实测数据,研究了锅炉出力、过量空气系数、燃煤硫含量对燃烧过程中SO2初始排放浓度的影响,分析了燃煤锅炉SO2排放现状,讨论了我国中小型燃煤锅炉SO2排放管理控制的潜力和可行性.结果表明,在锅炉运行负荷³80%的条件下,SO2初始排放浓度与燃煤硫含量之间具有显著的线性相关性,与锅炉出力和过量空气系数无关;分别有94%和87%的实测锅炉可以满足国家现行排放标准规定的第I和第II时段SO2最高允许排放浓度.     

Selenium speciation in flue desulfurization residues

Flue gas from coal combustion contains significant amounts of volatile selenium (Se). The capture of Se in the flue gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubber unit has resulted in a generation of metal-laden residues. It is important to determine Se speciation to understand the environmental impact of its disposal. A simple method has been developed for selective inorganic Se(IV), Se(VI) and organic Se determination in the liquid-phase FGD residues by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). It has been determined that Se(IV), Se(VI) and organic Se can be accurately determined with detection limits (DL) of 0.05, 0.06 and 0.06 g/L, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by analyzing the certified reference material, NIST CRM 1632c, and also by analyzing spiked tap-water samples. Analysis indicates that the concentration of Se is high in FGD liquid residues and primarily exists in a reduced state as selenite (Se(IV)). The toxicity of Se(IV) is the strongest of all Se species. Flue gas desulfurization residues pose a serious environmental risk.     

亚硝酸盐不同生成方式对短程硝化反硝化除磷颗粒系统的影响

为了探究亚硝酸盐生成方式对短程硝化反硝化除磷颗粒系统的影响,采用2组同规格SBR反应器分别在连续和间歇曝气方式下使亚硝酸盐连续生成和间歇生成,考察其运行过程中脱氮除磷效果、污泥物理特性和微生物群落结构.结果表明,亚硝酸盐间歇生成后随即消耗,具有更好和更稳定的脱氮除磷性能,特别在TN去除上,第72 d后TN平均去除率为92.07%.碳源利用效率（以P/COD计）集中在0.21~0.22mg·mg^-1,碳源利用充分,进一步促进反硝化除磷.颗粒粒径分布集中,大小均匀,具有规则的形状和清晰的边界.微生物群落分析表明,亚硝酸盐间歇生成的系统微生物群落丰富度和多样性更高,同时富集了更多DPAOs菌属（Dechloromonas和Pseudomonas）,与Nitrosomonas共同作用使短程硝化与反硝化除磷达到动态平衡,实现系统稳定运行.     

公路突发事件应急预案自动生成系统开发及应用

提高突发事件应急处置效率是保障公路交通安全服务水平的关键问题之一。在充分研究突发事件应急救援机制、预案管理及信息采集和共享机制的基础上,分析应急管理与服务的基本需求,以信息处理为主线,设计公路突发事件应急预案自动生成系统的主要功能及架构,包括应急预案管理、预案评估分析、预案自动生成与优化等3大功能,系统基于CBR技术开发,并通过实例验证了系统的可行性。通过对智能管理、辅助决策等功能的强化,进一步明确信息与公路突发事件应急管理及服务间的逻辑与业务关系,有利于进一步提升整体公路交通安全服务水平。     

L-半胱氨酸预还原-HG-AFS法测定原煤中总砷

采用L-半胱氨酸为预还原剂,建立了氢化物发生原子荧光法测定原煤中总砷的方法。考察了仪器条件、氢化物发生条件、L-半胱氨酸浓度对砷的荧光信号的影响,并进行了共存元素的干扰实验。结果表明,砷的检出限为0.22μg/L,相对标准偏差在0.87%左右。用标准参考物质煤飞灰对方法进行了验证,所得结果与标准参考值相符。本法测定原煤中的总砷含量,样品相对误差在0.73%~5.3%,结果满意。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的总汞

本文利用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法分析技术测定土壤中的总汞,样品用（1＋1）的王水试剂在沸水浴中加热消解,最后经离心分离处理,取上清液待测。该方法检出限为0.002μg/kg,测定上限为0.400 mg/kg。     

红霉素对连续3个世代多刺裸腹溞存活和生殖的影响

红霉素是一种常用的大环内酯类抗生素,其对多刺裸腹溞连续世代生活史参数的影响尚不得而知。本文以连续3个世代的多刺裸腹溞为对象,研究了不同浓度(0.02、0.2、2、20、200和2 000μg·L~(-1))的红霉素对其平均寿命、首次生殖年龄、生殖窝数、窝卵数和总后代数等的影响。结果表明,红霉素浓度对多刺裸腹溞的平均寿命、首次生殖年龄、生殖窝数、窝卵数和总后代数的影响在多刺裸腹溞世代间均存在着明显的差异。与空白对照组相比,红霉素浓度对多刺裸腹溞F0代平均寿命的影响表现出"低(0.02μg·L~(-1))促高(2~2 000μg·L~(-1))抑"的剂量-效应关系,暴露于20μg·L~(-1)红霉素溶液中的多刺裸腹溞F0代的生殖窝数显著减小了55.76%,但暴露于各浓度红霉素溶液中的多刺裸腹溞F1和F2代的平均寿命和生殖窝数均未出现显著性差异;暴露于各浓度红霉素溶液中的多刺裸腹溞F0代的首次生殖年龄也未出现显著性差异,但暴露于0.2、20~2 000μg·L~(-1)红霉素溶液中的F1代的首次生殖年龄显著减小了4.90%~15.69%,暴露于0.2~2 000μg·L~(-1)红霉素溶液中的F2代的首次生殖年龄显著减小了5.00%~16.00%;暴露于20和200μg·L~(-1)红霉素溶液中的多刺裸腹溞F1代的窝卵数分别显著增加了28.87%和10.18%,但暴露于各浓度红霉素溶液中的F0和F2代的窝卵数未出现显著性差异;暴露于2~200μg·L~(-1)的红霉素溶液中的多刺裸腹溞F0代的总后代数显著减少了43.99%~62.21%,而暴露于20和200μg·L~(-1)红霉素溶液中的F1代的总后代数分别增加28.56%和37.17%,红霉素浓度对多刺裸腹溞总后代数的显著性影响在F2代中消失。本研究结果表明,多刺裸腹溞对不同剂量红霉素多代暴露表现出适应性或耐受性。     

垃圾填埋场的甲烷减排及覆盖层甲烷氧化研究进展

温室效应导致的全球变暖是备受瞩目的环境问题之一,其中垃圾填埋场产生填埋气是全球温室气体的重要来源。文章从垃圾填埋场的CH4产生、CH4减排技术和覆盖层CH4氧化行为及其影响因素等方面对国内外研究现状进行总结,为全面认识垃圾填埋场的CH4减排提供参考。目前,填埋场CH4减排技术包括填埋层原位减排、资源化利用和末端控制技术等,其中准好氧填埋技术和生物覆盖层甲烷氧化技术是适合我国现阶段大量中小型填埋场CH4减排要求的技术。填埋场覆盖层的特性如温度、含水率、有机质含量、pH值、孔隙率、CH4/O2比、植被和无机氮等都会影响其甲烷氧化能力,是填埋场覆盖层甲烷氧化能力研究和调控的主要参数。