新型生物絮凝剂——生物材料的絮凝效果评价

自制生物材料是一种新型生物絮凝剂,分别以ＢＳＡ溶液、果汁溶液、泥土混浊液为研究对象,与其他四种常用絮凝剂相比,其絮凝效果优于其他絮凝絮凝剂,然后,研究其絮凝剂用量与絮凝效果的关系,絮凝动力学等。     

一株Pseudomonas sp.的分离鉴定与所产絮凝剂性能研究

从土壤中分离筛选出一株絮凝剂产生菌,命名为C-2,通过nPCR扩增试剂盒鉴定得出这株絮凝剂产生菌为荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens);絮凝性能实验表明:生物絮凝剂(命名为PS-2)在碱性条件下,以CaCl2作为助凝剂处理高岭土悬浊液时,用量仅为20mL/L,搅拌强度要求不高,能够使高岭土的絮凝率达到98%以上,絮体形成快,矾花大,沉降速度快,且温度的影响不大;将PS-2应用于多种高浊度废水的处理中,结果表明其对多种废水均具有良好的絮凝效果;成分分析表明PS-2是一种多糖和核酸的混合物。     

复合生物絮凝剂CBF-1的制备及其絮凝特性

采用机械混合的方法,将微生物絮凝剂MBF8与植物胶粉羧甲基改性絮凝剂CG-A复合制备了新型高效复合生物絮凝剂CBF-1.采用FT-IR、zeta(ξ)电位、透射电镜分析,确定了CBF-1的特征官能团、电荷性及分子胶束形态等物化性质;采用烧杯絮凝实验,探究了CBF-1的絮凝特性.结果表明,制备CBF-1的最佳CG-A∶MBF8质量复合比为4∶6;CBF-1为含少量沉淀物的淡黄色液体(不溶物0.013%),有效成分为0.5%,pH6.1,相对粘度1.72;有效成分0.1%时等电点约pH1.5;主要特征官能团有羟基、羧基、氨基、酰胺基及磷酸基.采用PAC(3mg·L-1)+CBF-1(1.0～8.0mg·L-1)复配絮凝,适用的pH为6.0～10.0,离子强度为0.5～5.0mmol·L-1;对浊度100NTU的高岭土悬浊液,在最佳条件PAC(3.0mg·L-1)+CBF-1(1.0～2.0mg·L-1),pH8.0,离子强度3.0mmol·L-1下,浊度去除率>92%,残余铝<75μg·L-1;对浊度6～300NTU的水,浊度去除率为61%～98%.     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选和优化以及在水处理中的应用

从土壤中筛到1株絮凝剂产生菌BY-28,该菌产生的絮凝剂对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝活性较高且稳定,鉴定为多粘类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa BY-28.菌BY-28产絮凝剂的最佳培养基和培养条件为:葡萄糖2％,KH2PO40.4％,黄豆饼粉0.1％,MgSO4·7H2O 0.05％,CaCl2 0.05％,pH 7.0,30℃,180 r/min摇床培养2-3 d,产生具有高絮凝活性的絮凝剂.该絮凝剂对水中无机悬浮物和有机染料具有较高的去除率,尤其是能够有效地去除肌苷发酵液和肌苷生产废水中的菌体及悬浮物.图3表4参16     

2株芽孢杆菌利用不同碳源生产絮凝剂的研究

探讨了在纯培养和混合培养的条件下,2株芽孢杆菌F2和F6生产高效絮凝剂过程中对碳源的利用情况.研究表明,多种分子量在200以下的有机物能够作为碳源用于高效絮凝剂的生产,包括:单糖、双糖、醇、有机酸和酯类等,具有一定的普适性.发现利用废糖蜜、生物制氢废液和纤维素糖化液等廉价的生物质废料能够生产出性能良好的生物絮凝剂.     

Production and application of a novel bioflocculant by multiple-microorganism consortia using brewery wastewater as carbon source

The flocculating activity of a novel bioflocculant MMF1 produced by multiple-microorganism consortia MM1 was investigated. MM1 was composed of strain BAFRT4 identified as Staphylococcus sp. and strain CYGS1 identified as Pseudomonas sp. The flocculating activity of MMF1 isolated from the screening medium was 82.9%, which is remarkably higher than that of the bioflocculant produced by either of the strains under the same condition. Brewery wastewater was also used as the carbon source for MM1, and the cost-effective production medium for MM1 mainly comprised 1.0 L brewery water （chemical oxygen demand （COD） 5000 mg/L）, 0.5 g/L urea, 0.5 g/L yeast extract, and 0.2 g/L （NH4）2SO4. The optimal conditions for the production of MMF1 was inoculum size 2%, initial pH 6.0, cultivating temperature 30℃, and shaking speed 160 r/min, under which the flocculating activity of the MMF1 reached 96.8%. Fifteen grams of purified bioflocculant could be recovered from 1.0 L of fermentation broth. MMF1 was identified as a macromolecular substance containing both protein and polysaccharide. It showed good flocculating performance in treating indigotin printing and dyeing wastewater, and the maximal removal efficiencies of COD and chroma were 79.2% and 86.5%, respectively.     

Screening of flocculant-producing strains by NTG mutagenesis

Screening of new microorganism being able to produce efficiently flocculants was carried out. A new model for screening efficient flocculant-producing strains was designed and tested. The results showed that this model for screening efficient flocculant-producing strains is very reliable and can greatly shorten the screening period. 13 flocculant-producing strains were isolated from activated sludge by conventional method. A strain, designated as HHE6, produced the bioflocculant with the turbidity removal 98% for kaolin suspension. Six of 13 strains selected as the original strains were treated with NTG as mutagen, and five mutant strains(HHE-P7, HHE-A8, HHE-P21,HHE-P24, HHE-A26) with high flocculation efficiency was obtained by selection, which exhibited the flocculation rate for kaolin suspension above 90%. Strains HHE6, HHE-P7, and HHE-P24 were classified as Penicillium purpurogenum, HHE-P21 as Penicillium cyclopium,HHE-A26 as Aspergillus versicolor and HHE-A8 as Aspergillus fumigatus, and it is hitherto unreported for biofloccutant-producing strains of Penicillium. The growth of the six strains(HHE6, HHE-P7, HHE-A8, HHE-P21, HHE-P24, HHE-A26) had similar curves, i.e. firstly increasing rapidly, keeping relatively constant then and finally decreasing gradually with cultivation time. The production of bioflocculants by strains showed the similar pattern to strain growth.     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的絮凝性能

从废水处理厂和土壤中分离产絮凝剂的菌株,其中一株产絮凝剂的细菌W7—1对高岭土的絮凝活性达94％,初步鉴定该菌为Klebiella sp．,W7—1对产絮凝剂的培养条件要求简单,产絮凝剂的最佳碳源和氮源为蔗糖和牛肉膏,pH在5～10的范围内都适应絮凝剂的产生,但pH为8．0时絮凝活性最高。絮凝剂的添加量为10mL／L、絮凝体系pH为7～10时絮凝活性好,提纯后的絮凝剂产量高于其它絮凝剂近10倍,分析表明,絮凝剂成分为多糖,且有很好的热稳定性,加热至100℃、30min后絮凝活性不变。     

DSF-1菌产生的絮凝剂及处理洗煤废水的试验研究

对絮凝剂产生菌DSF 1的最适碳源、氮源进行探讨 ,考察了培养过程中培养液的粘度、絮凝活性的相互关系。提取、纯化所产絮凝剂 ,对其成分进行分析 ,并研究其在洗煤废水处理中的应用 ,同时初步探讨了该种絮凝剂的絮凝机理。结果表明 ,蔗糖与葡萄糖是DSF 1的理想碳源 ,而无机铵盐类则可作为其氮源 ;粘度和絮凝活性呈正相关性 ;DSF 1产生的絮凝剂活性成分可基本判定是阴离子型多糖 ,当用量为 0 5mL 5 0 0mg/L时 ,DSF 1产生的絮凝剂对pH =12 0、5 0mL 10g/L的模拟洗煤废水处理效果最好 ,低价 (+1,+2 )金属阳离子 (Ca2 + 、Mg2 + 、K+ 和Na+ )可以增强絮凝活性     

多粘类芽孢杆菌GA1产絮凝剂的培养基和分段培养工艺

对1株从土壤中筛选的产絮凝剂微生物GA1进行了研究.该菌株经形态学特征、生理生化反应及16S rDNA序列(GenBank序列登陆号为DQ166375)相似性分析鉴定为多粘类芽孢杆菌,并命名为Paenibacillus polymyxa GA1.对其进行了产絮凝剂培养条件和培养工艺的研究.结果表明:GA1产絮凝剂的最佳培养基成分(g/L)为蔗糖40.0、酵母浸膏4.0、K₂HPO₄5.0、KH₂PO₄、2.0、NaCl 0.1、MgSO₄ 0.2.研究了该菌株产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件,包括培养基的初始pH、培养温度、摇床速度和接种量.同时针对其产絮凝剂和菌体生长的关系,首次将分段培养工艺应用于GA1产絮凝剂中,即在培养的初期24h内采用菌体生长最佳培养条件,在培养后期采用菌体产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件.结果表明,采用分段培养的工艺,既可保证GA1絮凝剂的产量,又能缩短培养周期.