污泥热解液与牛粪混合厌氧消化特性研究

为处理污泥热解液并利用其中所含的能量,研究了250~550℃温度下产生的污泥热解液单独厌氧发酵和与牛粪混合厌氧消化的特性.首先研究250~550℃热解液单独厌氧发酵的情况,发现各温度下热解液可发酵、且350℃下热解液产气性能相对较好;但是总体上产气量很少.其次以250℃下的热解液为例,研究与牛粪在高温[（55±1）℃]下混合厌氧发酵时不同质量比（5/80,10/80,15/80;g/g）的影响,发现热解液在一定程度上抑制了牛粪的厌氧发酵,且热解液的量越大抑制作用越明显.第三步选择最低的热解液添加量比5/80,研究热解温度（250~550℃）对混合物厌氧发酵的影响;结果表明,350℃下的热解液与牛粪混合厌氧发酵累计产气量最高,达116.42mL/g VS,高于纯牛粪对照组的110.36mL/g VS;其他依次是550℃组、450℃组和250℃组.另外,550℃组的总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）的初始值最高,为1528mg/L,发酵后降低至254mg/L,为最大降幅,证明污泥热解液中的有机物得到有效降解.因此,适当热解温度下的污泥热解液可以适量与牛粪进行混合厌氧发酵,为污泥热解液处理和能源化提供新出路.     

中国生物质燃气产能及碳减排潜力

基于回归分析预测模型和来源分类预测模型对2020~2050年生物质燃气产量和能源结构占比进行预测,并对碳减排潜力进行了情景分析.结果表明,回归分析预测偏差较小,其中逐步回归预测偏差值为9.34%,略小于多元线性回归的13.99%.来源分类模型的准确度高于回归模型.到2050年,沼气增幅约为176%.在低碳情景中提高生物质燃气应用比例最高可降低未来情景中10%的碳排放量,表明大力发展生物质燃气对于碳减排和碳循环有较为明显的正面效应.结合现状对经济,技术,市场等方面提出政策建议.为下一步发掘生物质燃气产品市场潜力提供理论指导.     

水力空化对褐煤水煤浆流变特性影响的试验研究

介绍了水力空化作用机理,研究了水力空化作用对褐煤水煤浆粘度的影响,探讨了空化后浆体内存在气泡的形态及影响关系。试验结果表明:水力空化处理后的水煤浆浆体流动性变好,水煤浆的粘度特性已由假塑性流体变成了类似牛顿流体;速度梯度为100 s-1时的粘度指标由320 mPa·s提高到340 mPa·s,速度梯度为30 s-1时的粘度指标由420 mPa·s提高到850 mPa·s,30μm以下的细粒级含量明显高于空化前粒级的含量;水力空化作用在水煤浆中引入了大量不易消失的圆形微细气泡,气泡的占位作用提高了水煤浆粘度和稳定性,微细气泡的布朗运动破坏了颗粒之间的静电力吸附,圆形微细气泡成为水煤浆浆体流动过程中的润滑剂并改善水煤浆流变性能。     

Characteristics of Iron Ore Tailing Slime in India and Its Test for Required Pond Size

The physical and chemical nature of the tailingslime depends on milling operations and water contentin the effluent. The characteristics of the tailingsdictate the type of disposal facility required.Characteristics of the tailings, transportation frombeneficiation plants and disposal system are described.Studies on tailing slime have been carried out at ironore mines in Orissa and the results are discussed. Thetailings contain toxic elements and find their wayinto the water environment. Sedimentation test was carriedout on tailings and the area required for tailing pondwas found to be 3155 m² in comparison to10 000 m² obtained from the use of an empiricalequation. Provision of tailing pond for the disposalof tailings is a conservation of resources in additionto pollution control, and sedimentation test is essentialfor required pond size calculation.     

塔式湿法脱硫的工艺比较

对湿法脱硫中的填料塔、鼓泡塔、喷淋塔和液柱塔进行了工艺和结构上的比较，并分析了它们的优缺点。     

荷电喷雾脱硫实验与机理分析

对湿法烟气脱硫系统引入静电效应后产生的脱硫增益作用进行了实验测定，清水水雾和石灰液浆滴荷电前后的脱硫效率比较实验结果表明，对于中等SO2浓度，这种效应可使雾滴或浆滴脱硫效率增加8个百分点左右，理论分析指出，荷电对强化烟气脱硫是有益的，雾滴或浆滴带电后本质上提高了雾滴的表面活性，改善了脱硫通道中雾滴的弥散程度，从而加速了SO2的吸收进程。     

Removal of congo red dye from water using carbon slurry waste

A cheaper adsorbent has been prepared from carbon slurry waste obtained from National Fertilizer Limited (NFL), Panipat and investigated for the removal of congo red, an anionic dye. Its adsorption on prepared carbonaceous adsorbent was studied as a function of contact time, concentration and temperature. The results have shown that carbonaceous adsorbent adsorbs dye to a sufficient extent (272 mg g^-1). A comparative study of adsorption results with those obtained on activated charcoal shows that the carbonaceous adsorbent is ~95% efficient as compared to activated charcoal. Thus, it can be fruitfully used for the removal of dyes from wastewaters.This work has been presented at the National Symposium on Biochemical Sciences: Health and Environmental Aspects (BSHEA—2003), Agra, India (2003).     

沼液对莴笋和生菜硝酸盐含量及营养品质的影响

采用盆栽试验 ,研究了不同沼液用量对莴笋、生菜硝酸盐含量和营养品质的影响。结果表明 ,施用沼液提高了莴笋、生菜株高和产量 ,降低了莴笋茎和生菜硝酸盐含量 ,有利于增加莴笋茎、叶及生菜含水量和氨基酸含量 ,生菜维生素C含量略高于对照。在施用氮磷钾化肥 (N 12 0mg·kg-1、P2 O580mg·kg-1、K2 O 10 0mg·kg-1)基础上 ,每钵增施沼液 5 0 0ml,可改善蔬菜营养品质 ,使莴笋叶和生菜硝酸盐含量分别降低 5 3.5 %和 4 5 .5 % ,同时还可使 2种蔬菜分别增产 5 1.0 %和 5 6 .7% ,为本试验条件下莴笋、生菜最佳施肥组合。     

混凝土,砂浆和灰砂砖在模拟酸雨条件下的化学行为

用周期浸泡加速腐蚀试验法研究ｐＨ＝３．５、５．６和ｐＨ为１．０时ＳＯ２－为０、０．０６、０．１、０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ等６种模拟酸雨条件下混凝土、砂浆和灰砂砖的化学行为。研究表明：酸雨对材料的影响，主要是Ｈ＋侵蚀引起的溶解腐蚀和ＳＯ４２－侵蚀引起的膨胀腐蚀。     

Bio-Energy Systems at the Community Level in the South Pacific: Impacts & Monitoring

Read, Sims and Adams (2001) detailed a case study for bio-energy implementation in a notional small Pacific Island and elaborated a theoretical model for assessing and simulating the socio-economic impacts of a particular bio-energy system designed to produce an exportable liquid fuel along with rural electricity supplies. An important conclusion was that there is no silver-bullet ‘one size fits all’ bio-energy system suited to all situations. Moreover, a system appropriate at one place and time may become obsolete with exogenous technological advance and/or as a community advances down its own development pathway. In order to understand how these issues interact in practice, a selected set of implementation projects is reviewed highlighting scale, capacity, community, technology, governmental policy and the concept of critical mass, as factors that are central to the successful development of the bioenergy sector. Through this evaluation, it is shown that: 1.A significant biomass supply resource base often exists locally in the form of agricultural and forestry residues on which modern bioenergy programmes could be initiated. The use of biomass energy flow charts are an important tool for evaluating the potential of local and national resources. 2. Without an integrated multi-disciplinary, multi-sector and whole-systems approach to the implementation of bioenergy schemes, long term success is likely to remain elusive. 3. There is a requirement at the national level for a coordinated approach with strong policy signals that overcome perverse and practical obstacles.