Sources and major biogeochemical pathways of organic matter in the mangrove system of Rufiji estuary

Fatty acids were extracted from the surface sediments (10 cm) of three sampling sites of Rufiji estuary to infer their sources and biogeochemical pathways. The fatty acids ranging from C₈ to C₂₄ were distinguished from this study, and were broadly classified into saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). SFAs were found to be the major fraction at station 1 and 3 where as at station 2, MUFAs dominated. A total of 19 fatty acids with a total concentration of 64.91 μg/g dry weight were characterised at station 1. C_16:0 was the most abundant fatty acid contributing 21.94% of total fatty acids (TFAs). C_22:2 was the second most abundant, which accounted for 9.46% of TFAs. Fatty acids ranging from C₁₂ to C₂₄ were identified at station 2. C₂₀ fatty acid was the most abundant fatty acid contributing 21.94%, followed by C_16:0. At station 3, fatty acids ranging from C₈ to C₂₄ were obtained. The PUFA C_20:5n-3 was the most abundant fatty acid contributing 21.65%, followed by C_24:0 (15.00% of TFAs). The ratio of lower molecular weight (LMW) to higher molecular weight (HMW) biomarkers was used as an indicators to distinguish higher plants organic matter from algae-derived fatty acids.     

Influences of sediment dessication on phosphorus transformations in an intertidal marsh: formation and release of phosphine

This study investigated the effects of sediment dewatering on the phosphorus transformations concerning about the production and emission of phosphine in the intertidal marsh of the Yangtze Estuary. The concentrations of matrix-bound phosphine ranged from 18.62-72.53 ng kg⁻¹ and 31.14-61.22 ng kg⁻¹ within the August and January exposure incubations, respectively. The responses of matrix-bound phosphine concentrations to sediment dessication demonstrate that the production (or accumulation) of matrix-bound phosphine significantly increased with water loss at the start of the emersion incubations. However, further dehydration inhibited the formation of matrix-bound phosphine in sediments. The significant correlations of matrix-bound phosphine with the organic-P bacteria abundance and alkaline phosphatase activities implicate that the production of matrix-bound phosphine within the dessication incubations was linked closely to the microbial decomposition of organic P. The emissions of phosphine generally decreased with sediment dewatering, with the fluxes of 7.51-96.73 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ and 5.34-77.74 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ over the exposure incubations of both August and January, respectively. Also, it is observed that the releases of phosphine during the entire exposure periods were affected not only by its production but also by sediment water and redox conditions.     

广东和海南红树林的生物地球化学特征

本文研究了广东和海南红树林的土壤,植物叶子和死地被物的化学成分以及它们之间的相互关系,并与相同地区的一些植物群落进行比较,从而探讨红树林的生物地球化学特征。结果表明,红树林的土壤和植物的某些化学成分含量较高,尤其是Na和Ca的含量较为突出。另外,虽然海岸带海水的pH＞8,土壤都呈酸性。红树林的养分利用率只有N较高,其余大多数元素都较低。红树林的生物吸收率和生物归还率通常也较低,但其大多数元素的生物分解率则较高。     

潮滩沉积物重金属生物地球化学研究进展

潮滩是一个物理、化学以及生物条件复杂多变的场所,重金属在这个特殊的环境中有着独特的地球化学行为及其生物有效性.笔者意在对该领域的研究成果进行阐述,并指出该领域中研究比较薄弱的环节以及将来的发展方向,以期推动该领域的进一步研究.      

Environmental biogeochemical behaviors of rare earth elements in soil–plant systems

With the continual increase in the utilization of rare earth elements (REEs) for industrial and agricultural purposes in China, the research into the environmental biogeochemical behavior of REEs has become a pressing issue. The REEs’ content in soil and various parts of wheat under different conditions in soil–plant systems were measured by INAA and ICP-MS. The results showed four aspects. (1) The mean value of total REEs in soil of China was 176.8 mg kg⁻¹. The mean ratio of ΣLREE/ΣHREE in soils was 8.0 and cerium accounts for 42% of the total REEs. The content of REEs in wheat seed ranged between 10⁻¹¹ and 10⁻⁸ g g⁻¹, 3–4 orders of magnitude lower than that in soil. (2) The REEs contents in ryegrass, especially in roots, were significantly related to that of soil. The bioavailability of REEs in soil mainly depended on the exchangeable fraction of REEs, which was strongly affected by the physico–chemical properties of the soil. (3) Long-term foliage-dressing with Changle microfertilizer of REEs did not affect the contents and distribution patterns of REEs in soil. At the maturing stage of spring wheat, the REEs content was in the order of root > leaf >stem and crust. Compared with the control, foliage-dressing has a higher accumulation of REEs in root and leaf. However, no significant difference was found in stem and crust between the two treatments. (4) There was no significant accumulation with the soil-dressing method. When comparing controls in both foliage- and soil-dressing methods, no distinct residue of REEs in grains was found.     

Amelioration of the biogeochemical environment with iodine in kelp

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The International Boreal Forest Research Association: Understanding Boreal Forests and Forestry in a Changing World

Boreal forests represent a biome of the planet whose unique characteristics are changing rapidly under the influence of both human and natural pressures. These forests hold the key to current and future supply of coniferous industrial wood and at the same time play a significant role in regulating Earth's climatic system. Expected to be one of the most rapidly impacted regions of the world by future climate change, the boreal biome has already been substantially affected by global change. It is likely that if unabated, continued change will lead to impoverishment and degradation of boreal ecosystems, with consequent loss of vital services upon which human society depends. An improved systems understanding of the functioning of circumpolar boreal forests is a pressing challenge for boreal forest science and is needed in order to estimate their resilience to perturbations, to predict likely responses to the changing environment, and to design mitigation strategies. With such understanding, coordinated international efforts can be focused on developing anticipatory strategies for adaptation to, and mitigation of dangerous consequences of global change for boreal resources. The International Boreal Forest Research Association (IBFRA) provides a focus for international research on these issues and serves as a global window for boreal forest science and sustainable forest management in the boreal region.     

温室气体排放与中国粮食生产

中国用占世界8％的土地养活了世界上1／5的人口，粮食生产已经基本满足了现有人口的需求。但是，生产粮食会向大气释放大最的温室气体。面对全球减少温室气体排放的压力，在粮食生产中，增加农田生态系统的碳固定能力及减少N2O和CH4的排放，直接关系着中国粮食生产的未来发展。文章分析全球和中国温室气体排放清单中粮食生产的作用和意义；利用生物地球化学模型DNDC和中国农业生产数据库，估算中国农田生态系统的土壤碳动态和N2O排放；通过情景分析(Scenario)，预测在不同方案下，中国农田生态系统碳动态和N2O的排放量；提出了我国未来粮食生产应该采取的对策和技术措施。     

重庆市老龙洞地下河流域硝酸盐来源和生物地球化学过程的识别

为明确城市地区岩溶地下水系统硝酸盐污染来源和生物地球化学过程,于2019年7月至2020年10月期间,采集了重庆市老龙洞地下河流域内的污水、井水和地下河水,测定其水化学和硝酸盐氮氧双同位素值（δ¹⁵ N-NO₃^-和δ¹⁸ O-NO₃^-）.结果表明：①污水的δ¹⁵ N-NO₃^-和δ¹⁸ O-NO₃^-分别介于-3.3‰~14.6‰和-5.2‰~20.6‰之间,说明污水中的硝酸盐主要来源于生活污水排放及化肥渗漏;井水的δ¹⁵ N-NO₃^-和δ¹⁸ O-NO₃^-分别介于3.1‰~12.6‰和2.9‰~8.9‰之间,说明井水中的硝酸盐主要来自于粪肥及土壤有机氮矿化分解;地下河水中的δ¹⁵ N-NO₃^-和δ¹⁸ O-NO₃^-分别介于5.6‰~28.6‰和-2.0‰~15.7‰之间,说明市政污水以及农田中施用的粪肥是地下河水中主要的硝酸盐来源.②基于MixSIAR模型计算得出,粪肥污水是地下河水中硝酸盐的主要贡献源,贡献占比为89.1%,土壤有机氮、化肥和大气降水贡献率分别为4.4%、3.4%和3.1%.③流域内的COD ：ρ（NO₃^-）由低到高依次为：井水（0.14~5.15）、地下河水（0.50~9.36）和污水（4.08~89.50）.仅有50%井水样品的COD ：ρ（NO₃^-）略高于反硝化发生的化学计量比最低限（0.65）,说明COD可能不足以支撑井水中发生反硝化,井水中的硝酸盐氮氧双同位素未发生明显富集,验证了井水中未发生反硝化作用;90%地下河水样品的COD ：ρ（NO₃^-）高于0.65,硝酸盐氮氧双同位素同步富集,δ¹⁵ N ：δ¹⁸ O为1.8,介于反硝化发生时的1.3~2.1,说明地下河水在流动过程中发生了反硝化作用;所有污水样品的COD ：ρ（NO₃^-）远高于0.65,其中25%污水样品的COD ：ρ（NO₃^-）高于发生异化还原为铵（DNRA）的优势化学计量比（29.34）,δ¹⁵ N-NO₃^-和ρ（NH₄⁺）：ρ（NO₃^-）同步升高,表明污水中可能发生了DNRA.     

Holly (Ilex Aquifolium L.) As Zinc and Cadmium Accumulative Indicator in Biogeochemical Prospecting

The results of previous investigations in mineralized and sterile areas of Tuscany (Italy) appeared to point out the special aptitude of holly (Ilex aquifolium L.) in concentrating cadmium and zinc. in the present paper this behaviour has been verified in a mineralized area of Lombardy (Northern Italy).

Samples of leaves, twigs and barks from holly trees were collected, and metal contents (Zn, Cd, and Pb) have been determined by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). for comparison, some samples of wood anemone (Anemone nemorosa L.) and soil were also analyzed.

The data obtained confirm a preferential cadmium and zinc accumulation by holly (up to 16 and 1400 μg g^-1 dry weight, respectively) also depending on different vegetal organs and vegetative stages of plants. Highest contents of lead have been recovered in the outer portion of bark.