海州湾表层沉积物中氮的赋存形态及其生态意义

于2014年10月在海州湾采集表层沉积物,利用分级浸取分离的方法,对其中的离子交换态氮(IEF-N)、弱酸可浸取态氮(WAEF-N)、强碱可浸取态氮(SAEF-N)及强氧化剂可浸取态氮(SOEF-N)4种可转化态氮(TTN)的含量进行了分析测定,结合沉积物的有机质含量(TOC)、粒度分布,讨论了各形态氮的生态意义.结果表明:IEF-N、WAEF-N、SAEF-N、SOEF-N、非转化态氮(NTN)、总氮(TN)的平均含量分别为12.63、5.78、8.93、85.32、568.93和681.59 mg·kg-1;各形态氮在TTN中所占的比例大小顺序为SOEF-N(75.73%)IEF-N(11.21%)SAEF-N(7.93%)WAEF-N(5.13%).研究还表明,沉积物中TN与TOC和粒径具有显著的相关性(p0.01);WAEF-N与TOC具有显著的相关性(p0.01),与粒径也具有显著相关性(p0.05),其他形态氮与TOC、粒度分布均有一定程度的相关关系;各形态氮与水体中的溶解态无机氮(DIN)、叶绿素a具有相关性,说明沉积物中的氮对海洋生态环境有着重要意义.     

Impact of Climate Change on Ecological Quality Indicators and Biogeochemical Fluxes in the Baltic Sea: A Multi-Model Ensemble Study

Multi-model ensemble simulations using three coupled physical-biogeochemical models were performed to calculate the combined impact of projected future climate change and plausible nutrient load changes on biogeochemical cycles in the Baltic Sea. Climate projections for 1961-2099 were combined with four nutrient load scenarios ranging from a pessimistic business-as-usual to a more optimistic case following the Helsinki Commission's (HELCOM) Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP). The model results suggest that in a future climate, water quality, characterized by ecological quality indicators like winter nutrient, summer bottom oxygen, and annual mean phytoplankton concentrations as well as annual mean Secchi depth (water transparency), will be deteriorated compared to present conditions. In case of nutrient load reductions required by the BSAP, water quality is only slightly improved. Based on the analysis of biogeochemical fluxes, we find that in warmer and more anoxic waters, internal feedbacks could be reinforced. Increased phosphorus fluxes out of the sediments, reduced denitrification efficiency and increased nitrogen fixation may partly counteract nutrient load abatement strategies.     

味精生产流程中氨的污染特征及影响因素分析

对味精生产整个流程中氨的污染特征进行了定量观测,并对密切相关的因素进行回归分析.结果表明,味精生产流程中各环节都有氨的释放,其年通量达521kg,但不同工艺过程差异较大,在发酵车间氨的释放量最高,平均达880mg·(L·.min)^-1;而在制糖车间,氨的释放量最小,仅为0.07mg·(L·min)^-1.整个味精生产流程中氨的释放通量,与铵态氮浓度之间存在极为显著的直线正相关关系,而与硝态氮(包括亚硝态氮)浓度之间呈显著的指数相关关系;氨的释放通量尽管与其pH变化之间不存在显著的直线相关关系,但味精废水处理过程中却与其溶液中的pH变化之间存在着极为显著的直线相关关系.     

Sensitivity of a coupled physical–biological model to turbulence: high-frequency simulations in a northern Adriatic station

This paper investigates the impacts of different turbulence models on the biological state at an ocean station in the northern Adriatic sea, named S3, comparing them with other uncertainties inherent to coupled physical–biological simulations. The numerical tool is a 1-D model resulting from the coupling of two advanced numerical models. The hydrodynamic part is modelled using the General Ocean Turbulence Model (www.gotm.net), in a version adopting state-of-the-art second-moment Turbulence Closure Models (TCMs). Marine biogeochemistry is parameterized with the Biogeochemical Flux Model (http://www.bo.ingv.it/bfm), which is a direct descendant of ERSEM (European Regional Sea Ecosystem Model). Results, obtained by forcing the model with hourly wind and solar radiation data and assimilating salinity casts, are compared against monthly observations made at the station during 2000–2001. Provided that modern second-moment TCMs are employed, the comparisons indicate that both the physical and the biological dynamics are relatively insensitive to the choice of the particular scheme adopted, suggesting that TCMs have finally ‘converged’ in recent years. As a further example, the choice of the nutrient boundary conditions has an impact on the system evolution that is more significant than the choice of the specific TCM, therefore representing a possible limitation of the 1-D model applied to stations located in a Region of Freshwater Influence. The 1-D model simulates the onset and intensity of the spring–summer bloom quite well, although the duration of the bloom is not as prolonged as in the data. Since local dynamics appears unable to sustain the bloom conditions well into summer, phytoplankton at the station was most likely influenced by river input or advection processes, an aspect that was not found when the S3 behaviour was adequately modelled using climatological forcings. When the focus is in predicting high-frequency dynamics, it is more likely that lateral advection cannot be neglected. While the physical state can be satisfactorily estimated at these short time scales, the accurate estimation of the biological state in coastal regions still appears as rather elusive.     

中国关于砷的研究进展

综述了近年来有关中国的砷污染状况、相关的分析监测技术及砷化合物毒性的研究进展.在中国部分地区,长期砷暴露导致了严重的区域性的砷中毒,主要的暴露途径是饮用水、食物和煤炭的燃烧.样品前处理、砷的富集和形态分析技术的丰富和发展,为环境科学、毒理学和流行病学的研究提供了可靠的技术支持.生物检测是一种直接有效的污染物健康风险评估...     

Biogeochemical cyclic activity of bacterial arsB in arsenic-contaminated mines

Biogeochemical cyclic activity of the ars (arsenic resistance system) operon is arsB influx/effux encoded by the ecological of Pseudomonas putida.This suggests that studying arsenite-oxidizing bacteria may lead to a better understanding of molecular geomicrobiology,which can be applied to the bioremediation of arsenic-contaminated mines.This is the first report in which multiple arsB-binding mechanisms have been used on indigenous bacteria.In ArsB (strains OS-5; ABB83931; OS-19; ABB04282 and RW-28; ABB88574...     

黄浦江水源地水和沉积物中汞的分布

分析黄浦江水源地干流及上游支流水和沉积物中汞含量的分布特征得知,干流沉积物比较清洁,而水中汞含量普遍超标,尤其是松浦大桥取水口水质存在安全隐患,其水样汞含量超过国家Ⅱ类地表水标准(0.05 μg/L)1.40倍. 支流水环境质量恶劣,沉积物中汞含量普遍严重超标,最高值可达到环境背景值(101.20 μg/kg)的4.12倍;支流水体高强度的汞输入是导致干流水质汞超标的直接原因. 采用主成分分析和相关分析,探讨沉积物粒度和有机碳含量以及水体pH对水和沉积物中汞含量变化的影响,指出汞在水-沉积物界面的分配受生物地球化学过程和水动力作用的影响和控制. 结合实地考察,判定农村地区生活垃圾不当处置、燃煤以及化肥和农药的施用是水源地汞的主要来源.      

Biogeochemical cycles of selenium in Antarctic water

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深水人工湖环境生物地球化学过程研究:以贵州红枫湖-百花湖为例

红枫湖和百花湖地处长江支流乌江水系猫跳河流域,位于黔中人为活动高强度地区,具低纬度-高海拔的地理区位;是河道型梯级开发的人工湖,具碳酸盐岩的地质背景、水寄宿时间小、水深变幅大、水体多功能、农区与覆水区镶嵌等重要特征。红枫湖表层沉积物Pb稳定同位素组成表明其污染具多源特征;剖析百花湖-红枫湖"突发性"水质恶化相互关联水质指标表明"湖泊黑潮"是特定季节、特殊气候条件下,沉积有机质生物氧化作用的耦合;脱氮过程受阻的pH控制导致亚硝酸根浓度增高;维护该湖泊水系环境质量需预防工业污染、流域侵蚀、生活污染并综合治理湖区。     

九龙江河口生物地球化学元素通量的初步模拟

按照LOICZ的模拟指南 ,九龙江河口区采用单箱模型模拟其生物地球化学元素的通量。结果表明 ,九龙江河流输入进河口系统的DIP通量为 2 .81× 10 7mol/a ,交换流带入河口区DIP通量为 10 .93× 10 7mol/a ,因此 ,净沉淀量为 8.0 5× 10 7mol/a。九龙江河流输送进河口系统的DIN通量为 73.47× 10 8mol/a ,它远高于DIP的通量。因此 ,此河口区系统内部有 7.6 6× 10 8mol/a的差额才能达到平衡。