改性滤料在矿井水净化处理中的试验研究

采用高温加热法制备了涂铁石英砂和无烟煤联用的双层改性滤料,并通过过滤试验对比验证了其对矿井水中不同污染物的去除效果。过滤6 h出水浊度为0.3 NTU,ρ(COD)降为2.5 mg/L,均低于饮用水标准限值,Fe、Mn的去除率分别达88.7%和66.7%,并通过反冲洗试验,确定了该滤料的反冲洗强度q=16 L/(m2.s)和过滤周期T=370 min。滤后水质可满足淡化除盐进水要求,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Chemical pollution monitoring of the River Pinios (Thessalia--Greece)

The impact of human activities and environmental factors on the fluctuation of chemical and physicochemical parameters along the Pinios River and its tributaries was studied. Their seasonal variations throughout the years 1996-1998 are also presented. Most of the parameters (physical or chemical) measured in this survey exhibited high spatial and temporal variability. High temperatures during the warm period, attributed both to meteorological conditions and to the geographical relief of Thessalia plain, cause a restriction of the water flow, an accumulation of organic matter and the depletion of the dissolved oxygen in the water. Conductivity and hardness are high during the warm and wet period for different reasons. At the seaward part of the river high conductivity and hardness values indicate extended admixture of seawater. COD values fluctuated seasonally. Among the studied stations along the Pinios River the most polluted was the area where the river has passed the city of Larissa.     

震时有毒有害气体泄漏危险性分析模型的研究

进行了震时有毒有害气体泄漏危险性分析模型研究。简述了传统的评估方法,并指出了其不足。通过对有毒物质毒性分级、泄漏危险参数定义以及泄漏概率的计算分析,并配合易损性矩阵,确定了最大可能泄漏点。     

CONTEMPORANEOUS AUTOREGRESSIVE-MOVING AVERAGE (CARMA) MODELING IN WATER RESOURCES1

ABSTRACT: The Contemporaneous Autoregressive-Moving Average (CARMA) model is a simple and efficient model that can be used to fit many multivariate hydrological time series. For certain types of multistation river flow systems, the CARMA model is naturally obtained when the physical restrictions of the system or the characteristics of the data are taken in consideration during the formulation of the model. It is shown how the CARMA model can optimally be used to handle multiple time series where the number of observations in each series may be different. Adequate model building techniques, as well as computational and statistical efficient algorithms to estimate the parameters of the model, are given. The methodologies and applications of the CARMA model are illustrated with three examples. It is also shown how the full multivariate ARMA model may lead to losses in efficient of the estimators when the CARMA model is adequate.     

A PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION TECHNIQUE FOR DEVELOPING ISOHYETS IN AN ARID AREA USING VEGETATION AND TOPOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS1

A technique is presented for developing an isohyet map for the Hualapai Valley, a closed hydrologic basin of about 315 square miles in the northwestern Great Basin in Nevada. In this basin there is practically no climatic data, and in the northwest Great Basin there are too few stations for determination of rainfall on a detailed basis. Using a vegetational typing to represent a range in elevation and precipitation, an initial mean annual rainfall is determined for selected points on a grid pattern. This rainfall is then modified by using topographic parameters of slope, orientation, exposure, and rainfall shadow effect. The resulting point determinations of mean annual rainfall are then smoothed using a trend surface analysis, and an isohyetal map is drawn from the smoothed points. The technique provides an estimated accuracy of one inch of mean annual precipitation and one mile of resolution on isohyets.     

氟石膏制备粉刷石膏技术研究

以氟化盐厂排放的工业废渣氟石膏为原料,通过实验研究了氟石膏物理性质及激发剂对其性能的影响。并以此为基材,添加水泥、生石灰等其他外加剂研制出氟石膏干混粉刷石膏砂浆,该抹面材料各项指标达到国家标准,具有良好的施工性能,开辟了氟石膏资源利用新途径。     

外源水杨酸对高氯酸盐胁迫下水花生叶绿素荧光特性的影响

为了探讨外源水杨酸(SA)对高氯酸盐胁迫下水生植物生理响应的调节作用,本文以水花生为试材,在水培及可控条件下,研究不同浓度(0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4mmol·L-1)的SA对高氯酸盐胁迫下水花生荧光特性的影响.结果表明,在整个试验期间,各浓度的SA处理能不同程度地抑制高氯酸盐胁迫引起的暗适应下叶绿素最小荧光产额(F0)和天线色素热耗散(D)的升高,缓解PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/F0)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ有效光化学效率(F′v/F′m)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、PSⅡ电子传递速率(ETR)和PSⅡ光化学反应能量耗散(P)的下降趋势,而对过剩光能耗散(E)的影响不明显.综合各荧光参数的变化,其中以0.2mmol·L-1的SA处理缓解效果最佳,处理28d后各荧光参数的变化(除E值外)均与不加SA的胁迫组呈显著差异(p0.05),外部形态的观察结果与荧光参数的变化结果也基本一致.以上结果说明适当浓度的SA能有效维持胁迫下叶肉细胞较高的光化学效率和电子传递速率,缓解由于过剩激发能的增加而引起的光抑制,减轻光合机构受伤害的程度,从而提高水花生抗高氯酸盐胁迫的能力.PSⅡ非辐射能量耗散的增强并非是高氯酸盐胁迫下SA保护光合机构的主要机制,有关机理尚待进一步研究.     

水环境模拟参数随机场的指示克里格研究

在水环境模拟中,经常要对各种参数的空间分布数值做出可靠的估计.环境问题的复杂性往往使得这类估计存在不确定性.如何利用有限的监测数据来实现水环境中各种参数的精确估值具有重要的实际意义.以水环境模拟参数随机场中的离子质量浓度为例,介绍了指示克里格估值计算的理论方法及应用.通过对样本数据的统计分析得出,数据总体不服从正态分布,且表现出一定的非平稳性.在此基础上用指示克里格法对离子在模拟环境中分布的空间结构特征进行分析,并对估点进行估值计算.估值结果显示,指示克里格的估值效果优于普通克里格.这一实际应用表明,指示克里格法可以较好地描述水环境模拟参数随机场的空间分布规律.     

水环境模拟参数随机场空间最优估计精度分析与特异值研究

本文结合克里格方差的特点,对水环境模拟参数随机场空间最优估计的精度进行了分析,结果显示估计精度受变差函数、采样点的空间配置结构等因素的影响,并结合实例探讨了影响水环境模拟参数克里格估计精度的特异值的识别与处理方法。     

降雨径流连续模拟参数全局灵敏性分析

长期连续模拟是客观评价城市排水系统性能、雨洪控制措施效果的重要方法之一.运用普适似然度法(Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation,简称GLUE),综合分析了暴雨管理模型(Storm Water Management Model,简称SWMM)在不同间隔降雨情景下的水量...