环境影响的经济评价方法与应用

简述了环境影响经济评价的程序。概述了环境影响货币化的3大类,共10种常用方法。运用人力资本法估算广州市大气污染引起的健康损害,损失达169 14亿元。     

环境风险评价中若干问题探讨

社会经济的高速发展,也诱发了新的环境风险可能性的发生,特别是近年来的多种环境风险灾害事故的发生已引起了各国和国际组织的普遍关注。环境风险评价与环境风险管理已成为保护生态环境、维护公众健康的重要内容和制定决策的重要依据。文章结合目前环境风险评价的发展,探讨有关两大类环境风险评价(突发性与非突发性)以及环境风险评价与安全评价的区别,环境风险评价评估标准以及环境风险评价与城市环境管理的一些问题。     

中国产品生命周期影响评价方法研究

讨论了确定中国产品生命周期影响评价所需的标准化基准和权重的确定方法和程序，包括产品系统环境影响潜值计算，数据标准化，加权评估 以及计算环境影响负荷和资源耗竭系数4个步骤。标准化基准采用1990年中国人均环境影响总潜值来表达，而权重采用1990年的基准与2000年中国政府的削减目标所估算的基准之间的比值计算。     

可发性聚苯乙烯废水处理工程的设计与运行

介绍了采用中和混凝 水解酸化 生物接触氧化 化学除磷工艺对可发性聚苯乙烯 (EPS)废水的处理工艺。在废水中的CODCr、TP、SS、NH3 N分别为 194 0mg L、112mg L、5 92mg L、2 3 6mg L的条件下 ,废水经过处理后 ,出水CODCr、TP、SS、NH3 N分别为 70mg L、0 38mg L、2 6mg L、0 32mg L ,均可达到《污水综合排放标准》中的一级标准 ,废水中CODCr、TP、SS、NH3 N的平均去除率分别为 96 4 %、99 3%、95 6 %、98 6 %。     

水质动态评价的马尔柯夫方法

根据随机过程原理 ,构造了一个新的概率转移矩阵 ,并在此基础上引入进步度的概念 ,对河流水质综合质量变化情况进行动态评价。最后给出了实例分析     

Hybridization between wheat (Triticum aestivum) and the wild species Aegilops geniculata and A. biuncialis under experimental field conditions

Hybridization between Aegilops geniculata, A. biuncialis and bread wheat Triticum aestivum has been evaluated during two seasons under simulated field conditions to estimate the field hybridization rate under Central Spain conditions. The mean frequencies of hybridization between A. biuncialis and A. geniculata with wheat were 0.34% and 0.31%, respectively. Data from 10 hybrid plants for each combination showed that hybrids can be partially fertile by backcrossing with wheat parent, with percent averages of 3.17 grains/spikelets for A. biuncialis × wheat hybrids and 2.87 grains/spikelets for A. geniculata × wheat hybrids. Self-pollination, although at very low rates, was also possible in hybrids. The potential risks associated with natural hybridization in the context of transgenic wheat cultivation are discussed.     

多级环流曝气技术处理工业污水的实验研究

在结构简单、占地面积小、氧利用率高的多级环流曝气小型实验装置上，对某种石油化工排放污水进行了生化处理性能实验。分别利用间歇和连续两种装置进行污水的处理，均得到了良好的试验结果。间歇实验探索了污水降解与系统中溶解氧的变化情况的对比，摸索出了两者之间的初步关系。连续实验表明，污水的停留时间在3-5h时，出水COD可以降到80mg／L以下。     

密切值法与污染损失率法在大气环境质量评价中的综合应用

阐述了密切值法和污染损失率法的基本原理和分析评价步骤。通过实例分析，得出这两种方法的结论具有一致性；利用密切值法对各个决策目标进行质量排序，再利用污染损失率法计标出各污染物对环境的损害程度，并对决策目标进行等级划分。两种方法结合起来应用，能全面地进行环境评价。     

Toxic metals in sewage sludge-amended soils: has promotion of beneficial use discounted the risks?

Land application of contaminated waste products has been defended as beneficial use by some scientists and regulators, based on the premise that the behavior of any toxins accumulated in soils from this practice is reasonably well understood and will not have detrimental agronomic or environmental impacts into the foreseeable future. In this review, I use the case of toxic metals in sewage sludges applied to agricultural land to illustrate that metal behavior in soils and plant uptake is difficult to generalize because it is strongly dependent on the nature of the metal, sludge, soil properties and crop. Nevertheless, permitted agricultural loadings of toxic metals from sewage sludges are typically regulated using the sole criterion of total metal loading or concentrations in soils. Several critical generalizing assumptions about the behavior of sludge-borne metals in soil-crop systems, built into the US EPA risk assessment for metals, have tended to underestimate risks and are shown not to be well justified by published research. It is argued that, in the absence of a basic understanding of metal behavior in each specific situation, a more precautionary approach to toxic metal additions to soils is warranted.     

自适应神经模糊推理在大气环境质量评价中的应用

利用matlab模糊工具箱中自适应神经模糊推理系统(Anfis)方法,对大气环境质量评价作一个尝试性的工作。利用Anfis法对大气环境质量现状的评价,并与灰色聚类法作比较,得出Anfis法用于评价环境质量是可行的,且具有许多优点。