A Review of Waste Tyre Utilisation in the Marine Environment

Waste tyres pose a major disposal problem on land creating a fire hazard and, in warmer climates, providing breeding pools for mosquitoes. the void space in tyres makes them unsuitable for land burial. Schemes to use shredded tyres for road bases and asphalt filler are being pursued in the USA. Tyre combustion for electricity production is being investigated in the UK.

The widespread availability and durability of tyres has led to their use in the marine environment for breakwaters/coastal defence structures and as artificial reefs for promoting fisheries.

Tyres have a low density and have been used in floating breakwaters. Schemes have been proposed to protect and strengthen shorelines with tyre structures.

The void space in tyres facilitates the construction of artificial reefs to attract fish. the most intensive use is in the south west Pacific and Australia. Tyre surfaces are colonised by algae and a wide range of faunal species, including corals and shellfish. the wide acceptance of tyres as a suitable reef construction material appears to be based largely on these observations. Experience of initial poor deployment practices in the USA led to tyres washing ashore after storms and resulted in the banning or restriction of their use in coastal states of the USA. A review of the scientific literature has yielded limited information on the environmental impact of tyres and in particular the leaching of heavy metals and organic compounds from tyres into sea water.

Preliminary results of tyre dust/sea water leaching studies are presented. These identify zinc as the major leachate (totalling 10mg/tyre after 3 months). Diluted leachates have not shown significant effects of the growth of the phytoplankton Phaeodactylum and Isocrysis.

Further work to characterise the sea water leaching of tyre compounds is recommended.     

石油污染土壤的生物修复技术

石油污染土壤的生物修复技术具有高效、无二次污染和操作管理简便的优点，正逐步成为石油污染治理研究的一个重要领域。本从土壤中石油类物质降解了基本原理出发，总结了近年发展起来的强化生物降解效率的各种技术措施和工程方案及其适用条件，并在此基础上进一步分析了生物修复技术的发展方向和应用前景。中首先详细介绍了土壤中降解石油类物质的生物相组成及降解过程的基本生化原理，并指出影响微生物降解速率的因素主要有土壤pH值，温度、湿度、充氧量和各种营养物质及微量元素含量等。接着，重点重点阐述了石油污染土壤的非原位修复技术和原位修复技术并深入探讨了土地处理、生物堆积处理、堆肥处理等非原位修复技术和所采取的技术措施，主要包括应用高效降解微生物、投加氧化剂和表面活性剂等。最后，本还展望了石油类污染土壤生物治理的未来发展趋势。     

新乡白鹭化纤集团棉浆黑液废水处理工程设计

以中和 VTBR 混凝技术为核心 ,对新乡白鹭化纤集团生产污水进行处理 ,处理规模 5 0 0 0 0t d ,出水CODCr<10 0mg L、BOD5<6 0mg L、色度 <10 0倍、锌离子 <5mg L ,达标排放     

SBR工艺处理含酚废水的研究

为了更有效地利用SBR工艺解决大型酚醛树酯生产企业所产生的大量含酚废水的难题 ,通过中试研究 ,分别对SBR工艺的关键参数 (如 :曝气时间、排放比、进水方式等 )进行了对比试验 ,从而获得了较佳的运行参数和运行效果 ,为实际工程应用提供技术参数     

生物法净化低浓度挥发性有机废气的动力学问题探讨

依据对生物膜填料塔净化低浓度甲苯废气过程的生物化学反应类型、过程控制因素和生物膜作用等机理问题的分析研究，定义其为一个以生物膜为有效吸附表面、以活菌体为生物反应活化中心的吸附生物化学反应过程，并据此建立了“吸附生物膜”理论及相应的动力学模式．该模式计算值与实验值之间有较好的相关性（相关系数Ｒ＞０．９５）．结果将为相关的理论研究和实际操作研究提供有益的资料．     

Simultaneous denitrifying phosphorus accumulation in a sequencing batch reactor

In order to achieve simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the biological treatment process, denitrifying phosphorus accumulation (DNPA) and its affecting factors were studied in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with synthetic wastewater. The results showed that when acetate was used as the sole carbon resource in the influent, the sludge acclimatized under anaerobic/aerobic operation had good phosphorus removal ability. Denitrifying phosphorus accumulation was observed soon when fed with nitrate instead of aeration following the anaerobic stage, which is a vital premise to DNPA. If DNPA sludge is fed with nitrate prior to the anaerobic stage, the DNPA would weaken or even disappear. At the high concentration of nitrate fed in the anoxic stage, the longer anoxic time needed, the better the DNPA was. Induced DNPA did not disappear even though an aerobic stage followed the anoxic stage, but the shorter the aerobic stage lasted, the higher the proportions of phosphorus removal via DNPA to total removal. Translated from Environmental Science, 2004, 25(6): 92–96 [译自: 环境科学]     

水解酸化-好氧生物处理天然气脱硫废水的试验研究

通过对环丁砜法脱除天然气中硫生产工艺中产生的废水的试验研究表明，采用生物水解酸化 好氧生物处理工艺较适宜。当进水ＣＯＤＣｒ和ＢＯＤ５浓度分别为４６５ｍｇ／Ｌ和１９５ｍｇ／Ｌ，水解酸化停留时间１２ｈ，好氧生物接触氧化塔停留时间５ｈ时，连续动态试验出水ＣＯＤＣｒ和ＢＯＤ５分别为４２ｍｇ／Ｌ和１６ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＣＯＤＣｒ和ＢＯＤ５的去除率分别达９１％和９２％     

资源安全及其基本属性与研究框架

国内外对资源安全问题的关注由来已久,但系统研究此问题还是近年的事情。在此,对资源安全问题的由来、基本属性、研究框架等进行系统论述。认为资源安全是一个国家或地区可以持续、稳定、及时、足量和经济地获取所需自然资源的状态或能力;资源安全具有数量、质量、结构、均衡和价格等方面的含义;并对资源安全按过程、主体和类别等进行了分类;提出应树立开放、动态、持续和系统的资源安全观;资源安全研究应主要包括资源安全概念与属性、资源安全测度指标体系与预警系统、国家资源安全态势、国家资源安全战略等内容。     

污水生物处理单元平衡分析方法研究(Ⅰ)

依据热力学第二定律建立了污水处理单元Yong平衡分析的灰箱模型，提出了进行处理单元过程Yong评价的指标体系．在热力学意义上，污水生物处理是通过微生物内部的Yong耗散来消耗污水污染物能量的过程，推动该过程加速进行需要耗费外部的Yong．因此，节能的主要目的是节Yong，即应防止推动力过剩造成反应器单元的外部Yong损失．这一方法体系将为合理科学评判处理过程能耗机制奠定重要的理论基础．