化学混凝-两级BAF工艺处理低温城市污水中试研究

以大庆东城污水处理厂进水为实验原水,采用化学混凝-两级曝气生物滤池(BAF)组合工艺进行现场中试研究(12 m3/d),重点考察了在化学混凝的强化作用下,曝气生物滤池工艺对低温城市污水中有机物、氮和磷等污染物的净化效能。实验结果表明,单独采用两级曝气生物滤池工艺,当原水COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的平均浓度分别为45...     

用于地表水反硝化的纤维素碳源选择研究

为了选取合适的天然有机物作为反硝化细菌碳源用于解决地表水中NO3--N污染问题,以江南大学校内湖水为接种物,选取8种天然纤维素碳源在缺氧状态不同的处理方式下对60 mg/L NO3--N的降解特性进行研究。结果表明,以碱处理作为预处理可明显提高反硝化速率,碳源脱氮率均在96%以上（树皮除外）。2种处理方式中均有NO2--N累积,部分碳源释放NH4＋-N并发生DNRA反应,树叶在2种处理中脱氮效果均较好。结合各碳源脱氮率、耗碳源量以及处理成本,选取基本处理的香樟叶作为最佳纤维素碳源。     

ABR-好氧颗粒污泥处理黄连素废水的启动研究

实验研究了ABR-好氧颗粒污泥组合工艺处理黄连素制药废水的启动运行,通过分析发现,ABR装置在HRT为4 d,黄连素浓度为50 mg/L的运行方式下成功启动,反应器运行稳定后每个格室MLSS平均值分别为25 840、21 560、27 500和11 200 mg/L。以ABR出水为营养物,成功培养出粒径在2～10 mm,沉降速率为104～137 m/h,沉降性能优良的好氧颗粒污泥。该组合工艺在启动实验的末期,进水COD浓度为3 000～4 000 mg/L左右,出水COD浓度到达168.4～271mg/L,系统总的去除率保持在90%～95%之间,表明ABR-好氧颗粒污泥组合工艺能够有效地处理黄连素制药废水。     

铁炭-混凝沉淀-生化处理强酸性染料废水的中试研究

采用铁炭-混凝沉淀-水解酸化-生物接触氧化工艺对强酸性染料废水进行中试处理研究。在铁炭微电解单元主要考察了铁炭比、HRT和曝气量大小对处理效果的影响;在水解酸化单元主要考察了进水pH和HRT对处理效果的影响。通过铁炭微电解和水解酸化,在大幅改善废水的可生化性的同时,还可以有效去除废水的色度、削减有机负荷,以保证后续的生物接触氧化工艺的高效稳定运行。在生物接触氧化单元主要考察了进水浓度、HRT对处理效果的影响。经过组合工艺的处理,最终的出水COD〈75 mg/L,出水色度〈40倍。     

缩聚-Fenton-A/O生物流化床组合工艺处理酚醛废水的工程案例分析

以广州某公司生产酚醛树脂时产生的酚醛废水为研究对象,针对其高浓度、生物毒性强、可生化性差及难降解等特点,设计缩聚-Fenton-A/O生物流化床联合工艺进行处理。此工艺的工程实践中,在总HRT低于75 h的操作条件下,当进水COD、苯酚及甲醛浓度分别为1.0×105～1.2×105 mg/L、2.2×104～2.5×1...     

LCA of local strategies for energy recovery from waste in England, applied to a large municipal flow

An intense waste management (WM) planning activity is currently undergoing in England to build the infrastructure necessary to treat residual wastes, increase recycling levels and the recovery of energy from waste. From the analyses of local WM strategic and planning documents we have identified the emerging of three different energy recovery strategies: established combustion of residual waste; pre-treatment of residual waste and energy recovery from Solid Recovered Fuel in a dedicated plant, usually assumed to be a gasifier; pre-treatment of residual waste and reliance on the market to accept the ‘fuel from waste’ so produced. Each energy recovery strategy will result in a different solution in terms of the technology selected; moreover, on the basis of the favoured solution, the total number, scale and location of thermal treatment plants built in England will dramatically change. To support the evaluation and comparison of these three WM strategy in terms of global environmental impacts, energy recovery possibilities and performance with respect to changing ‘fuel from waste’ market conditions, the LCA comparison of eight alternative WM scenarios for a real case study dealing with a large flow of municipal wastes was performed with the modelling tool WRATE. The large flow of waste modelled allowed to formulate and assess realistic alternative WM scenarios and to design infrastructural systems which are likely to correspond to those submitted for approval to the local authorities. The results show that all alternative scenarios contribute to saving abiotic resources and reducing global warming potential. Particularly relevant to the current English debate, the performance of a scenario was shown to depend not from the thermal treatment technology but from a combination of parameters, among which most relevant are the efficiency of energy recovery processes (both electricity and heat) and the calorific value of residual waste and pre-treated material. The contribution and relative importance of recycling and treatment/recovery processes change with the impact category. The lack of reprocessing plants in the area of the case study has shown the relevance of transport distances for recyclate material in reducing the efficiency of a WM system. Highly relevant to the current English WM infrastructural debate, these results for the first time highlight the risk of a significant reduction in the energy that could be recovered by local WM strategies relying only on the market to dispose of the ‘fuel from waste’ in a non dedicated plant in the case that the SRF had to be sent to landfill for lack of treatment capacity.     

河道原位处理技术研究进展

原位修复是一种可靠、卓有成效的河道水体净化修复技术,具有治理费用低和最大程度降解污染的特点,适合于污染严重、流量较小的河流水体。本文概述了河道曝气法、生物接触氧化、河流湿地处理和生态浮床等河道原位处理技术的原理、发展及应用情况,其中河道曝气和生物接触氧化起步早,技术较为成熟,为早期污染水体治理贡献很大,相对河流湿地处理和人工浮床起步晚,但成本低,耗资少,处理效率又高,具有很大的发展空间。这些工艺都是经济、有效以及符合可持续发展要求的生物生态技术,在国内外发展比较迅速,但在进一步改进的前提下,其应用前景将十分广阔。     

Fabrication, calibration and evaluation of a phosphate ion-selective microelectrode

To conduct the micro-environment study of flocs in an enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process, a phosphate ion-selective microelectrode was developed. The cobalt-based microelectrodes have tip diameters of 5-20 μm and respond to all the three forms of phosphate ions, namely, H₂PO₄⁻, HPO₄²⁻, and PO₄³⁻. The calibration curve at pH 7.5 had a slope of 31.5 mV per decade change of concentration and a R² value of 0.99. Other characteristics of this microelectrode, such as response time, interferences from pH, ion strength, DO and other anions were also evaluated.     

发展可再生燃料推进减排的现状和趋势

文章阐述了发展生物燃料可实现缓解石油供需矛盾和减排温室气体的双赢目的,介绍了世界各主要消费大国发展,应用生物燃料的情况及生物燃料的发展趋势.     

阿克苏地区春季土壤水分垂直向运动

土壤中毛管水是传递压力的,毛管水运动的方向,受土壤上层温度变化和土面蒸发制约,与土壤中汽态水的运动方向（由热至冷）一致。下午和晚上因地面辐射而冷却,闭塞空气收缩,潜水向上通过毛细管吸入闭塞空气中,潜水位下降;上午和白天因地面日晒,土温升高,闭塞空气膨胀,排出较粗毛管水,成为重力水而下渗,抬升潜水位。春天大风,土温升高,晚上使潜水位升高,白天土面蒸发加大,又使潜水位下降。用潜水蒸渗仪,可测到大风天改变土壤水分运行的方向。