土壤质量微生物学指标研究概述

土壤微生物是表征土壤质量最有潜力的敏感性指标,高质量的土壤应具有稳定的微生物群落组成和结构、高微生物生物量及良好的微生物活性。本文从微生物的群落组成与多样性、微生物生物量和微生物活性3个方面进行了综述。微生物指标研究目前任务是确定一套评价土壤质量的微生物学指标最小参数集。建议今后加强土壤样品收集、储存、预处理及分析方法规范化,深层土壤微生物对土壤质量的作用及建立本底土壤微生物属性数据库等方面的研究。     

等离子气化技术在固体废物处理中的应用

针对国内固体废物处理的经验和情况,从保证处理的无害化效果以及让固体废物的处理经济可行结合的角度,介绍了等离子气化技术的应用效果及优势,认为采用等离子气化技术进行固体废物处理的时机已经成熟。     

生物质气化灰的肥效试验研究

通过试验对生物质气化发电的副产物--生物质气化灰的肥效进行研究.结果表明,在施肥量相同的条件下,添加生物质气化灰的试样,除黄瓜外,空心菜、油麦菜、樱桃萝卜、上海青试样的发芽时间都略早于单施化学肥料的试样; 后期长势也明显优于单施化学肥料的试样,叶片厚而有光泽; 前者在生长过程中没有虫害现象,后者有虫害现象.在生物质气化灰中添加氮、磷的试样比施单一肥料的试样长势好.研究表明,生物质气化灰具有替代钾肥的广阔市场前景.     

Effect of clay minerals on extractability of heavy metals and sewage sludge mineralization in soil

An incubation experiment lasting 111 d was carried out to study the effect of the addition of three clay minerals (Na-bentonite, Ca-bentonite, and zeolite) to soil derived from sewage sludge on water-extractable and exchangeable forms of four heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni), as well as on soil organic matter mineralization, microbial biomass C and the release of inorganic N. The addition of clay minerals led to a significant decrease in water-extractable and exchangeable forms of heavy metals. The extent of decrease ranged from 14 to 75% for the water-extractable heavy metals and from 12 to 42% for the exchangeable form over the incubation time, as compared with untreated soil. The reduction in extractability of heavy metals was greater due to the addition of Na-bentonite and Ca-bentonite than that due to the addition of zeolite. Addition of clay minerals did not affect any of the following microbiological parameters in the soil: microbial biomass C, organic C (C_org) mineralization, and metabolic quotient (qCO₂), and release of inorganic N during the first 3 weeks of incubation. However, as the incubation period increased, these parameters were significantly increased by the addition of clay minerals, especially by the addition of Na-bentonite and Ca-bentonite. This result is explained by a strong reduction in extractability of heavy metals after the addition of Na-bentonite and Ca-bentonite.     

On Characteristics of Production and Destruction Processes in Lowland and Mountain Tundras of the Extreme North

Parameters of the production and destruction processes in different types of tundras are compared. It is shown that there is a fairly high degree of correspondence between the structure of tundra communities and the ecotopes occupied by them. On the other hand, typologically similar lowland and mountain tundras markedly differ in the functional respect. The rate of decomposition processes is higher under environmental conditions of the mountain tundra belt.     

梦清园芦苇湿地根际微生物特性研究

本文通过对上海市梦清园芦苇湿地净化苏州河污染水体的示范工程采样分析，结果表明芦苇根际的微生物数量、酶的活性高于非根际的土壤。根际细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量均比非根际多，R／S平均值分别为70．3、9．5、2．9。相对于硝酸细菌而言亚硝酸细菌的根际效应较为明显，无论根际还是非根际的亚硝酸细菌数量均高于硝酸细菌的数量。根际细菌和硝化细菌数量随着水力停留时间增加而增加，而根际反硝化细菌数量则减少。菌剂和酶制剂的加入使得非根际泥样异养细菌、真菌、放线菌和亚硝酸细菌比对照组稍高，硝酸细菌和反硝化细菌则较少；而根际泥样中加菌剂和酶制剂组微生物数量比空白组高出1—2个数量级，在投加菌和酶制剂后酶活性无论在根际还是非根际都得到提高，高于对照组约5—6个酶活单位。     

黔东南州森林生物量研究

论述了森林生物量的发展历史、概念和研究方法。利用黔东南州最新（2005年）的森林资源连续清查数据及生物量与蓄积量之间的关系为基础，对黔东南州森林生物量进行测算。黔东南州森林生物量达6107．21万t，单位面积生物量为29．7t／hm^2。     

转锥式生物质热解装置中热载体加热方案选择与设计

根据转锥式生物质热解装置中对加热设备的要求,先后分别选择和设计了三种不同的加热方案,在实际应用中逐步了解每套加热设备的优缺点,为加热设备的改进和该项技术的应用推广奠定坚实的基础.     

生物质在固定床中的热解试验研究

介绍了用于生物质热解的试验装置及试验方法，研究了升温速率、热解温度两种关键因素对生物质热解产物得率及其分桕的影响。研究结果表明，随热解温度的升高，热解产气量增加，且其中气体产品中的有效成分也在增加，焦油和半焦减少；升温速率增加，热解气得率增加，且气体中有效可燃成分增加。