Intra-specific variations of two Leymus chinensis divergence populations in Songnen Plain, northeast China

Population demography, seed production, biomassallocation, net photosynthesis and transpiration of two Leymus chinensis divergence populations and between two years in Songnenplain, northeast China were compared. Strong differences betweenthe dry 1997 and moist 1998 occurred in vegetative shoot and sexualshoot densities, sexual differentiation and tiller densities, aswell as in the lengths of inflorescence, seed numbers perinflorescence, seed weights and biomass allocation in eachpopulation respectively (P<0.01). While strong differences betweenthe two populations occurred in vegetative shoot densities, sexualshoot densities, sexual differentiation and seed weights in eachyear (P<0.01). The differences between the two populations intiller densities and in biomass allocation to sexual shoots were significant (P<0.05). But there were no significant differences between the two populations in the lengths of inflorescence, seed numbers per inflorescence and biomass allocation to rhizomes and vegetative shoots (P>0.05). Excepting the transpiration rate in the early June, the differences between the two populations in net photosynthesis and transpiration rate of vegetative shoots and sexual shoots were strongly significant in the early June and July respectively (P<0.01). Relative stable variations in population demography and physiological traits between the two populations indicated that they are divergently in the Songnen Plain.     

膜生物反应器在高浓度有机废水处理中的应用

介绍了膜生物反应器 (MBR)在高浓度有机废水中的应用。实验结果表明 ,系统对COD、氨氮的去除率较高 ,但出水浓度仍然较高 ,出水几乎监测不到SS。另外 ,膜的通量下降很快 ,维持在较低的水平。     

Seed yeast cultivation for salad oil manufacturing wastewater treatment

The mixture of five yeast strains obtained from soil could remove about 85% TOC of oil-rich wastewater in batch test.While the highest MLSS was obtained at an N:C of 1:5,the oil removal decreased with the increase of N:C during yeast sludge cultivation.Ammonium chloride was the best nitrogen source for yeast cultivation from the viewpoint of yeast growth and oil utilizxation.An ammonia concentration of over 1300 mg/L led to mass death of yeast at a pH of 5.The ammonia concentration should be controlled at a level of 1000 mg/L or lower.     

Determination and discussion hydraulic retention time in membrane bioreactor system

Based on the microorganism kinetic model, the formula for computing hydraulic retention time in a membrane bioreactor system (MBR) is derived. With considering HRT as an evaluation index a combinational approach was used to discuss factors which have an effect on MBR. As a result, the influencing factors were listed in order from strength to weakness as: maximum specific removal rate K, saturation constant Ks, maintenance coefficient m, maximum specific growth rate ,ua and observed yield coefficient Yobs. Moreover, the formula was simplified, whose parameters were experimentally determined in petrochemical wastewater treatment. The simplified formula is θ= 1.1( 1/β -1)(Kｓ S)/KXo , for oetroehemical wastewater treatment K and Ko eaualed 0.185 and 154.2, resoectively.     

焦化废水中有机物在A1-A2-O系统各段的降解与转化

在厌氧酸化－缺氧－好氧（A1－A2－O）生物膜系统小试装置中处理焦化废水，以探讨有机物在各阶段的降解与转化情况。通过UV吸收光谱及GC／MS分析发现，上海焦化厂废水中的有机组分主要为：甲酚、苯酚、二甲酚等酚类化合物，及以喹啉、吲哚为代表的含氮杂环化合物，约占有机物总量的90％。经A1－A2－O生物膜系统处理后，大部分有毒有害难降解有机物得到了降解和转化。厌氧段中原有物质浓度的增加和新物质的生成，是厌氧酸化使部分有机物降解产生中间产物而造成；缺氧段使大部分有机物被完全降解或转化，还产生一些新的简单有机物，如卤代烃、酯类、醛类等；经好氧段反应后，有机物进一步降解和转化，部分被完全去除，在降解转化过程中又产生了一些中间产物和衍生物，如苯酚、羟基喹啉等。     

催化氧化法处理焦化污水生化出水的中试研究

采用ClO_2三相催化氧化工艺对焦化污水二沉池出水的处理进行了中试研究,考察了进水量、供气量、加药量等参数对焦化污水COD处理效果的影响,得出的最佳工艺条件为:进水量0.2 m~3/h,有效催化剂用量0.5 m~3,供气量10 m~3/h,盐酸投加量60 m L/h,氯酸钠投加量30 m L/h。最佳工艺条件下,平均出水COD为44 mg/L,平均去除率为80.3%,能达到国家一级排放标准。     

活性污泥吸附预处理腈纶废水的机理研究

以活性污泥作为吸附材料,研究了其对腈纶废水COD的吸附特征。结果表明,活性污泥可吸附腈纶废水中的COD,吸附量可达135 mg/g。伪二级动力学方程能很好地描述活性污泥对腈纶废水中的COD的吸附过程,模型计算出的二级吸附速率常数(k2)为2.3×10-4g/(mg·min);Langmuir方程最适合描述该吸附过程,决定系数在0.96以上。从活性污泥吸附前后腈纶废水中的有机物相对分子质量分级结果可以看出,活性污泥对大分子(30 k Da)有机物有较好的去除,污泥的电镜照片也证明了该点。研究表明,活性污泥吸附可去除腈纶废水中的悬浮物和胶体物,是有效的腈纶废水预处理方法。     

JHX新型浮选机在处理含油污水中的应用

介绍JHX新型高效射流浮选机在处理含油污水中的应用，考察各种工艺条件下JHX浮选机的工作情况，JHX浮选机由于其独特的发泡原理和结构设计，对含油污水有很高的除油效率。     

城市污水处理厂污泥的综合利用探讨

城市化进程加快,城市污泥排放量日益增多,污泥中含有大量的有机物质、病原菌、寄生卵、重金属及盐类等成分,污泥的综合利用主要利用污泥中的有效成分将污泥做成肥料、饲料、能源燃料、化工原料、建筑材料等,实现变度为宝,这也是城市污泥处理和资源化的主要发展趋势。     

快速测定法与重铬酸钾法测定污水中化学需氧量的方法比较

重铬酸钾法测定化学需氧量,准确度高,但试剂消耗量大,占用空间大,耗时长,消耗大量的电和水。采用快速测定法后能快速省时、省水、省电、省试剂、省人力且操作简便。通过两种方法的比较,快速测定法的精密度及准确度均能达到国标的要求,并且具有成本低的特点,证明了此方法的可行性。快速测定法特别适用于污水处理等工艺过程控制的监测和测试。