大气颗粒物中元素碳的直接测定

对原来用元素分析仪测定大气颗粒物样品中有机碳、元素碳的方法[1 ] 进行改进 ,将差减法间接测定元素碳改为一步直接测定元素碳。有机碳、元素碳的测量标准偏差的平均值分别为 0 35 %、0 34% ,提高了元素碳的测量精度 ,同时避免了误差传递 ,解决了差减法测定元素碳时出现负值的情况。     

Changes in forest biomass carbon stock in the Pearl River Delta between 1989 and 2003

Forest ecosystems play a significant role in maintaining climate stability at the regional and global scales as an important carbon sink.Regional forest carbon storage and its dynamic changes in the Pearl River Delta have been estimated using the continuous biomass expansion factor(BEF)method based on field measurements of forests plots in different age classes and forest inventory data of three periods(1989–1993,1994–1998,1999–2003).The results show that regional carbon storage increased by 16.76%,from 48....     

秸秆焚烧对北京市空气质量的影响

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测试了北京市两个采样点 1 #站 (十三陵站 ,清洁对照点 )和 5#站 (天坛站 ,居民生活区 )1 1 0个大气颗粒物样品中的水溶性钾 ,以表征秸秆焚烧颗粒物。 1 #站水溶性钾的质量浓度年均值为 1 .2 1 μg/m3,其中以1 998年 6月份浓度 (3 .0 7μg/m3)最高 ,是 5月份 (1 .0 2μg/m3)的 3倍 ;5#站水溶性钾的质量浓度年均值为 1 .94μg/m3,6月份 (4 .2 2 μg/m3)最高 ,是 5月份 (1 .97μg/m3)的 2 .1倍。数据分析结果表明 1 998年 6月份麦收季节存在以秸秆焚烧为主的生物质燃烧现象 ,使大气颗粒物中有机碳浓度水平升高 ,并对北京市的空气质量带来负面影响     

Combination of biodiesel-ethanol-diesel fuel blend and SCR catalyst assembly to reduce emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine

In this study, the efforts to reduce NOx and particulate matter （PM） emissions from a diesel engine using both ethanol-selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NOx over an Ag/Al2O3 catalyst and a biodiesel-ethanol-diesel fuel blend （BE-diesel） on an engine bench test are discussed. Compared with diesel fuel, use of BE-diesel increased PM emissions by 14% due to the increase in the soluble organic fraction （SOF） of PM, but it greatly reduced the Bosch smoke number by 60%-80% according to the results from 13-mode test of European Stationary Cycle （ESC） test. The SCR catalyst was effective in NOx reduction by ethanol, and the NOx conversion was approximately 73%. Total hydrocarbons （THC） and CO emissions increased significantly during the SCR of NOx process. Two diesel oxidation catalyst （DOC） assemblies were used after Ag/Al2O3 converter to remove CO and HC. Different oxidation catalyst showed opposite effect on PM emission. The PM composition analysis revealed that the net effect of oxidation catalyst on total PM was an integrative effect on SOF reduction and sulfate formation of PM. The engine bench test results indicated that the combination of BE-diesel and a SCR catalyst assembly could provide benefits for NOx and PM emissions control even without using diesel particle filters （DPFs）.     

Characterization of the Songhua River sediments and evaluation of their adsorption behavior for nitrobenzene

The explosion at a plant of the Jilin Petrochemical Corporation on 13 November,2005,and the spill of an estimated 100 t of toxic substances (nitrobenzene as the main component) into the Songhua River received worldwide attention.This study has focused on the adsorption behavior of nitrobenzene that spilled onto sediments along the Songhua River,which was one of the efforts to evaluate the fate of nitrobenzene after the spillage event.The organic carbon contents of these sediments along the Songhua River ...     

超低排放改造后燃煤电厂常规大气污染物排放特征

基于海口电厂"超低排放"燃煤机组在线监测数据和实测结果,研究颗粒物、SO₂、NO_x排放特征,分析颗粒物粒径分布和化学成分谱.结果显示,"超低排放"机组颗粒物、SO₂、NO_x排放浓度均值分别为(1.57±0.81)、(15.15±6.23)和(40.10±3.63) mg·m^-3,均满足超低排放限值要求.TSP、PM₁₀、PM_2.5、PM₁、SO₂、NO_x的排放因子均值分别为0.0099、0.0098、0.0092、0.0065、 0.1131、0.2882 kg·t^-1,排放因子集中在很窄的区间内,呈正态或偏正态分布,与未进行超低改造研究结果比较,排放因子减小了1～2个数量级.颗粒物数浓度分布呈双峰分布,数浓度峰值粒径为0.027μm和0.641μm;质量浓度呈单峰分布,峰值粒径为1.100μm.PM₁₀、PM_2.5...     

鄂尔多斯市夏秋季气溶胶新粒子生成过程影响因素分析

利用宽范围粒径谱仪于2019年8月16至10月4日在鄂尔多斯市观测了10 nm～10μm气溶胶粒径分布,结合PM(PM_2.5和PM₁₀)、污染气体、气象数据和HYSPLIT模式,分析了新粒子生成(NPF)特征及其主要影响因素.结果表明,观测期间一共出现19次NPF过程,占总观测期间的37.5%.NPF过程中对不同模态气溶胶数浓度日变化的影响不同.NPF使得核模态和爱根核模态气溶胶数浓度急剧增加,但是对积聚模态和粗模态气溶胶数浓度的影响较小.NPF发生时往往温度较高,风速较大,总辐照度较高,RH较低.NPF天PM_2.5、PM₁₀、CO和NO₂的浓度较低,O₃和SO₂浓度较高.40.0%的偏北气团和29.6%的偏南气团可观测到NPF过程.不同气团类型NPF过程中气象要素存在显著差异.南部气团类型NPF过程中风速最小,平均为(2.4±1.5) m·s^-1; RH最高,平均为(48.8±10.8)%;北部气团类型NPF过...     

黑炭气溶胶质谱仪(SP-AMS)分析春季PM2.5中水溶性有机气溶胶

为探讨常州春季大气细颗粒物(PM_2.5)的化学组成及污染特征,于2017年3月1日～5月30日采集了84个有效样品,对其水溶性离子(WSIIs)、碳质组分(OC和EC)等常规组分进行了测定和分析,并采用黑炭-气溶胶质谱仪(SP-AMS)对水溶性有机气溶胶(WSOA)进行了分析.结果表明,采样期间PM_2.5的日均质量浓度为101. 97μg·m^-3,超标(环境空气质量标准二级标准)率达73. 8%,以轻度、中度和重度污染为主,分别占总天数的39. 3%、21. 4%和13. 1%. WSIIs约占PM_2.5的39. 86%,其中二次离子(SO₄^2-、NH₄⁺和NO₃^-)占WSIIs的81. 85%,阴阳离子电荷平衡的线性拟合直线的斜率(AE/CE)大于1(1. 09),表明PM_2.5偏弱酸性. OC/EC比值为2. 53,说明受二次转化的影响. SP...     

海绵城市地块汇水区颗粒污染物的传输

目前我国海绵工程建设多集中在地块汇水区单元内开展,通过多个低影响开发(LID)设施协同完成地表径流水质水量的调控,但基于地块汇水区尺度下城市面源污染的产生和控制效果鲜有报道.本研究比较分析了不同硬化率地块汇水单元内的面源颗粒污染物晴天累积、降雨冲刷、地表径流及径流输出负荷状况.结果表明,地块汇水单元内硬质路面是面源颗粒污染物贡献的最主要的下垫面类型,中硬化率(61.1%)地块和高硬化率(73.6%)地块路面街尘累积量分别约占汇水区单元的88.4%(2.22～12.51 g·m^-2)和90.1%(4.99～33.43 g·m^-2),对径流SS的输出贡献比率分别约为91.7%(0.97～7.34 g·m^-2)和90.5%(0.92～18.77 g·m^-2),降雨径流SS污染负荷占比分别约为95.2%和83.1%,经LID设施处理后输出径流污染负荷约为地表径流的24.0%和40.2%.硬质路面的街尘晴天累积及降雨冲刷以>150μm为主,地表径流及输出径流则以<50μm粒径段为主,同时地块不透水...     

乌鲁木齐冬季雾天可吸入颗粒物透射电子显微镜研究

利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对乌鲁木齐冬季雾天采集的可吸入颗粒物(PM_2.5、PM_2.5~10)的形貌特征和集聚状态进行分析。将乌鲁木齐大气可吸入颗粒物分为烟尘集合体、飞灰、矿物颗粒、硫酸盐和有机颗粒等5种单颗粒类型,并讨论了其来源。TEM分析表明,PM_2.5中烟尘集合体占14%,飞灰占7.4%,矿物颗粒占24%,硫酸盐占16.7%,有机颗粒占20.4%;PM_2.5~10 中烟尘集合体没有观察到,飞灰占4.9%,矿物颗粒占26.8%,硫酸盐占12.2%,有机颗粒占58.5%。