Isolation of fetal cells from transcervical samples by micromanipulation: Molecular confirmation of their fetal origin and diagnosis of fetal aneuploidy

Transcervical cell (TCC) samples have been shown to contain fetal cells amenable to molecular analysis. However, the presence of ‘contaminating’ maternal cells limits their use for prenatal diagnoses. In this report we show that clumps of fetal cells can be isolated from transcervical samples by micromanipulation and tested by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of 129 clumps, isolated from mucus aspirates and transcervical lavages from 29 patients, 29 clumps from 11 patients were found to be exclusively of fetal origin as judged by the detection of chromosome 21-specific polymorphic DNA markers and Y-derived DNA sequences by PCR and FISH. One case of a male triploid fetus, diagnosed by the analysis of TCC samples obtained by mucus aspiration and lavage, was confirmed by testing clumps of cells isolated by micromanipulation.     

Preparation of high resolution chromosomes from amniotic fluid cells

A relatively simple method of obtaining high resolution chromosomes from amniotic fluid cells is described. The elongated chromosomes are achieved by adding ethidium bromide (5μg/ml) to the culture 4 1/2 hours before harvesting and the high resolution banding can be produced by usual banding procedures.     

微生物降解法处理含酚废水的研究进展

微生物降解法处理含酚废水作为一种简便、高效的处理方法具有传统方法所无法比拟的优点。文中从降酚菌的来源、苯酚的生物降解途径以及固定化微生物技术在处理含酚废水中的应用等方面介绍了微生物降解法处理含酚废水的最新研究进展,预期该领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。     

嗪草酮降解菌Rhodococcus sp.MA的降解特性及固定化应用

从农田土壤中分离得到1株嗪草酮高效降解菌株,命名为MA,该菌5 d对50 mg·L^-1嗪草酮的降解率达到74.8%,最适反应温度和pH分别为30℃和7.0.根据表型与生理生化特征及16S rRNA序列分析,将其鉴定为Rhodococcus sp.MA.利用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）鉴定菌株MA降解嗪草酮的中间产物为脱氨基嗪草酮.以海藻酸钠为包埋剂,经正交试验表明,3%海藻酸钠、2% CaCl₂、包埋比8：1和固定时间6 h条件下,菌株对嗪草酮的降解效率最高,为71.2%.将固定化菌体细胞用于修复实验,结果表明,未固定化处理的菌液对湖水及池塘水中嗪草酮（15 mg·L^-1）的去除率分别为72.1%和69.9%;固定化处理后可提高对嗪草酮的去除率,分别达到87.3%和82.6%,具有良好的应用前景.     

防渗型生物滞留中试系统降雨径流水质与三维荧光特征

构建了两套防渗型生物滞留中试系统,在2017年3~4月期间,跟踪监测了系统在低温小强度降雨条件下的径流水质特点,并同步分析了降雨径流的三维荧光光谱特征.系统降雨径流水质监测结果表明,经系统净化后,出水污染物浓度波动较小,对NH_4~+-N和TP均有相对稳定的去除效率,可分别达到78.38%~95.03%和72.04%~76.04%.荧光光谱特征分析表明,生物滞留系统出水中的主要溶解性有机物(dissolved organic matters,DOMs)为蛋白类物质和类腐殖质物质,主要来自生物或水生细菌代谢物;系统对于Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区蛋白类荧光有机物和类富里酸具有较好的去除效果,去除率可分别达到57.33%~61.30%、29.82%~31.28%和35.55%~43.16%.径流水质与DOMs相关性分析表明,系统径流出水中的TN、TP和TOC均与芳香类蛋白质含量呈显著正相关关系,而NO_3~--N和NH_4~+-N与芳香类蛋白质含量呈显著负相关关系;TN浓度均与Ⅳ区DOMs(微生物代谢产物)和V区DOMs(类胡敏酸)呈显著负相关关系.     

南京市大气PM2.5无机组分及对A549细胞的毒性效应

为研究不同来源的大气颗粒物中PM_2.5对人体的健康毒性效应,于2016年1-3月在南京市交通源区、化工园区、生活区等代表性站点分别采集PM_2.5样品,分析其水溶性离子和金属元素含量,并以PM_2.5对人体肺上皮细胞A549染毒24 h,研究暴露于不同来源颗粒物后的细胞活性和氧化损伤程度.结果表明:交通源区和化工园区日均ρ（PM_2.5）远高于生活区,3个区域均含有大量二次污染物,其中SO₄2-、NO₃-和NH₄+占PM_2.5总离子质量的80.6%~85.0%.交通源区PM_2.5中w（Zn）较高,主要来源于燃料燃烧和柴油发动机排放;而化工园区PM_2.5中w（Cu）、w（Pb）和w（Mn）均高于其他站点.将PM_2.5染毒剂量设定为50、100、200、400 μg/mL,各站点颗粒物均显著抑制A549细胞的存活率,并呈剂量-效应关系,化工园区对细胞存活率的半抑制浓度（IC₅₀=229.1 μg/mL）最低,而在高暴露浓度（200 μg/mL）下化工园区诱导产生的活性氧（ROS）最少.因此,南京地区主要受二次污染影响,机动车污染正在加剧;化工园区的颗粒物具有较大的细胞毒性,而较低的氧化损伤程度可能与该站点颗粒物中较低的w（Zn）以及测试暴露时间有关.      

北京大气PM_(2.5)对A549细胞炎性因子及DNA损伤的毒性

为探讨大气PM_(2.5)及其不同组分对人肺上皮细胞A549的毒性作用及其剂量-反应关系,将前期采集的PM_(2.5)颗粒物用不同方法进一步制备PM_(2.5)水溶性组分、PM_(2.5)脂溶性组分和PM_(2.5)单纯颗粒物,将制备的PM_(2.5)颗粒物及其组分以不同浓度(10,50,100,200,400μg/m L)对A549细胞染毒,用MTS法分别在染毒6,10,24,48,72h后测定细胞活力,染毒24h后用ELISA及RT-QPCR法测定炎性因子IL-6和TNF-α表达量,AP位点计数法测定细胞DNA损伤情况.结果表明:除PM_(2.5)水溶性组分外,其余染毒样本高浓度染毒时始终对细胞生长表现出抑制作用,其中低浓度染毒时可在较短时间对细胞生长表现出抑制作用,染毒时间较长时抑制作用减弱或消失,PM_(2.5)水溶性组分对细胞生长抑制作用并不显著;除PM_(2.5)水溶性组分外,其余染毒样本都显著升高了IL-6m RNA的相对表达量和IL-6蛋白的分泌,除PM_(2.5)脂溶性组分外,其余染毒样本都显著升高了TNF-αm RNA的相对表达量;除PM_(2.5)水溶性组分外,其余染毒样本都显著提高了DNA碱基缺失程度.总的来说,PM_(2.5)水溶性组分在抑制细胞活力、造成炎性损伤及DNA损伤方面作用相对较小,而PM_(2.5)所产生的毒性作用并不仅限于其所吸附的复杂成分,其中作为载体的固体核心颗粒对机体可能造成的毒性作用也不容忽视.     

生物滞留设施研究进展

通过分析近年来生物滞留设施在土壤介质、气候与热冲击、生物多样性、生命周期成本等方面的研究内容得到,优化土壤介质可提高系统的处理性能。增加模型的兼容性与输入端控制可提高模型预测的准确性。小规模设施耐热冲击性能较好。生物滞留设施相比草坪、花园有更丰富的生物多样性,利用植物根系与生物多样性增强设施的性能还有待研究。通过主动性控制指导、加强施工段控制可降低设施的周期成本,成本模型预测的准确性还需加强基础资料的收集与资源的共享。     

Repeated batch and continuous degradation of chlorpyrifos by Pseudomonas putida

The present study was undertaken with the objective of studying repeated batch and continuous degradation of chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl phosphorothioate) using Ca-alginate immobilized cells of Pseudomonas putida isolated from an agricultural soil, and to study the genes and enzymes involved in degradation. The study was carried out to reduce the toxicity of chlorpyrifos by degrading it to less toxic metabolites. Long-term stability of pesticide degradation was studied during repeated batch degradation of chlorpyrifos, which was carried out over a period of 50 days. Immobilized cells were able to show 65% degradation of chlorpyrifos at the end of the 50th cycle with a cell leakage of 112 × 10³ cfu mL^?1. During continuous treatment, 100% degradation was observed at 100 mL h^?1 flow rate with 2% chlorpyrifos, and with 10% concentration of chlorpyrifos 98% and 80% degradation was recorded at 20 mL h^?1 and 100 mL h^?1 flow rate respectively. The products of degradation detected by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis were 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol and chlorpyrifos oxon. Plasmid curing experiments with ethidium bromide indicated that genes responsible for the degradation of chlorpyrifos are present on the chromosome and not on the plasmid. The results of Polymerase chain reaction indicate that a ~890-bp product expected for mpd gene was present in Ps. putida. Enzymatic degradation studies indicated that the enzymes involved in the degradation of chlorpyrifos are membrane-bound. The study indicates that immobilized cells of Ps. putida have the potential to be used in bioremediation of water contaminated with chlorpyrifos.