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411.
Novel nanoparticles (NPs) such as zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs are widely produced and applied in our daily lives at a rapid pace. Thus, the toxicity of ZnO NPs should be monitored as an important standard for environmental risk assessment. Here we assessed the in vitro cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs on human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells LTEP-a-2 by tetrazolium salt colorimetric assay of cell proliferation in the presence or absence of ZnO NPs. ZnO NPs-induced morphological changes in LTEP-a-2 cells were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanism by which ZnO NPs impose the cytotoxic effect was investigated by a combination of active oxygen test, lactose dehydrogenase-release assay, and apoptosis detection. Results showed that ZnO NPs significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced evident morphological changes (cell shrinkage and chromosome condensation) in LTEP-a-2 cells. Additionally, ZnO NPs increased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species and induced the formation of apoptotic vesicles as well as the lysis of cell nuclei. Zn2+ ions released from ZnO NPs into aqueous solution are important components that exert cytotoxic effects on LTEP-a-2 cells. This study provides new insights to the cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs against human health. 相似文献
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为寻求生物吸附处理重金属或核素废水的后处理途径,本论文以吸附Sr2+后酵母细胞为对象,通过对絮凝前后上部液相浊度分析,探讨了絮凝剂种类、液相初始p H、酵母细胞初始浓度以及絮凝剂量等因素对絮凝效果的影响;并探讨了PAC(聚合氯化铝)对吸附Sr2+后酵母细胞的絮凝机理.结果显示:3种铝盐絮凝剂对酵母细胞絮凝效果对比结果显示为:PACKAl(SO4)2Al2(SO4)3.对PAC而言,其在实验条件下对酵母细胞的絮凝是一个快速作用过程,在1 min内出现明显矾花现象,而60 min时絮凝效率可达到99%以上.Zeta电位分析显示p H为3~10范围内,酵母细胞与PAC之间的电位差值Δζ均在50 m V以上,其中最大可达68.4 m V,这将带来PAC对酵母细胞的快速絮凝,SEM和液相电导率变化分析也证实了这点.PAC可作为一种良好的絮凝剂用于对吸附Sr2+或其他重金属离子后的酵母细胞进行絮凝处理. 相似文献
415.
活性炭优化生物阴极提升微生物燃料电池产电性能 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对双室好氧生物阴极微生物燃料电池的阴极电极材料进行了优化.使用碳纤维刷阴极启动,进入稳定期后向反应器阴极室投加活性炭颗粒(T2)和活性炭粉末(T3),以提升微生物燃料电池的产电性能.实验结果表明,向阴极投加活性炭可以迅速提高微生物燃料电池的输出电压.投加活性炭颗粒后,T2的开路电压和最大功率密度分别提高了42%和237%;投加活性炭粉末后,T3的开路电压和最大功率密度分别提高了12%和42%.优化后的微生物燃料电池对COD的去除率分别是91.5%、90.3%,库仑效率分别提高了54.4%和17.9%.投加活性炭颗粒效果更好,可以显著提高微生物燃料电池产电性能,同时提高微生物燃料电池的COD去除率和库仑效率. 相似文献
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为探讨铅暴露对小鼠胸腺微环境阳性选择相关分子表达的影响,将24只健康初断乳21日龄清洁级雄性KM小鼠随机分为4组,分别为对照(蒸馏水)组和低(200 mg·L-1)、中(400 mg·L-1)、高(800 mg·L-1)剂量乙酸铅染毒组,每组6只.采用自由饮水方式进行染毒,连续染毒12周.染毒结束后,采用流式细胞技术检测小鼠胸腺细胞和胸腺上皮细胞阳性选择相关膜分子的表达.结果发现,与对照组比较,各剂量乙酸铅染毒组小鼠胸腺细胞膜分子CD4、CD8、CD28和LFA-1及胸腺上皮细胞H2-A、H2-K、B7和ICAM-1的表达均明显下降,差异显著(p<0.05);且随着乙酸铅染毒剂量的升高,小鼠胸腺细胞膜分子CD4、CD8、CD28、LFA-1的表达及胸腺上皮细胞膜分子H2-A、H2-K、B7、ICAM-1的表达均呈下降趋势. 相似文献
418.
本文构建了2.0L具有微生物隔膜的模块化生物阴极微生物燃料电池(MFC),以实际生活污水为底物,在连续流运行模式中,系统考察了微生物隔膜(MS)在MFC长期运行过程中的功能特征.结果表明:发育成熟的微生物隔膜可以稳定维持MFC阴阳极室间的溶解氧(DO)浓度梯度,使阳极室平均DO浓度低于0.5mg/L,同时使完全混合的阴极室COD浓度低于50mg/L,避免了电解液性质对于电极反应的抑制.微生物隔膜可以实现离子的跨隔膜迁移,进而平衡阴阳极室间的pH值;阴阳极室间存在的跨隔膜离子梯度意味着微生物隔膜完全分隔了两极室内不同的微生物代谢类型,阴极快速的好氧代谢可能导致了阴极室离子强度的降低.微生物隔膜对于MFC中COD和DO梯度的保持以及pH值的平衡起到了决定性作用,这将严格保证MFC的正常运行.同时,本文论述了在面向规模化应用的MFC中装配微生物隔膜的巨大技术与经济优势,综合评价了微生物隔膜的效能特征,为进一步推广面向实际废水处理的微生物电化学设备提供了技术支撑. 相似文献
419.
Daniel L. Long Randel L. Dymond 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(4):977-987
This study examines the use of bioretention as a strategy to reduce the thermal impact associated with urban stormwater runoff in developing cold water stream watersheds. Temperature and flow data were collected during 10 controlled runs at a bioretention facility located in Blacksburg, Virginia. It was determined that bioretention has the ability to reduce the temperature of thermally charged stormwater runoff received from an asphalt surface. Significant reductions in peak and average temperatures (p < 0.001) were observed. However, this facility was unable to consistently reduce the temperature below the threshold for natural trout waters in Virginia. The ability of bioretention to reduce runoff volume and peak flow rate also serves to reduce the hydrothermal impact. An average thermal pollution reduction of nearly 37 MJ/m3 was calculated using an adopted threshold temperature of 20°C. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that properly designed bioretention systems have the capability to reduce the thermal impact of urban stormwater runoff on cold water stream ecosystems. 相似文献
420.
Brant A. Peppley 《International Journal of Green Energy》2013,10(2):201-218
Fuel cells can be highly efficient energy conversion devices. However, the environmental benefit of utilising fuel cells for energy conversion is completely dependent on the source of the fuel. Hydrogen is the ideal fuel for fuel cells but the current most economical methods of producing hydrogen also result in the production of significant amounts of carbon dioxide. Utilising biomass to produce the fuel for fuel cell systems offers an option that is technically feasible, potentially economically attractive and greenhouse gas neutral. High-temperature fuel cells that are able to operate with carbon monoxide in the feed are well suited to these applications. Furthermore, because they do not require noble metal catalysts, the cost of high-temperature fuel cells has the greatest potential to become competitive in the near future compared to other types of fuel cells. It is, however, extremely difficult to assess the economic feasibility of biomass-fuelled fuel cell systems because of a lack of published cost information and uncertainty in the predicted cost per kW of the various types of fuel cells for large volume production methods. From the scant information available it appears that the current cost for fuel-cell systems operating on anaerobic digester gas is about US$2,500 per kW compared to a target price of US$1,200 required to compete with conventional technologies. 相似文献