苯酚羟化酶基因工程菌转化4-乙烯基苯酚特性研究

4-乙烯基苯酚广泛用作食品的调味剂及聚4-乙烯基苯酚类聚合物等的合成。近年来,研究发现4-乙烯基苯酚是苯乙烯在小鼠和人体中的次要代谢物,具有肝毒性和呼吸毒性。因此,利用生物定向转化技术降低4-乙烯基苯酚的毒性将具有实际意义。文章考察了含苯酚羟化酶基因的工程菌PH_IND生物转化4-乙烯基苯酚的条件,确定其最优条件为:菌株PH_IND的OD600为2.5,4-乙烯基苯酚的浓度为1 mmol/L,葡萄糖浓度为20 mmol/L,缓冲溶液的pH为8。在该条件下,生物转化呈一级动力学趋势,反应180 min后,转化率为31%。分子对接结果表明,4-乙烯基苯酚可以和苯酚羟化酶大亚基的活性位点结合,液相色谱-质谱联用分析结果表明4-乙烯基苯酚被转化为4-乙烯基儿茶酚。     

8:2氟调聚羧酸在虾夷扇贝体内的蓄积、分布与转化

以虾夷扇贝（Patinopecten yessoensis）为受试生物,研究了8：2氟调聚羧酸（8：2FTCA）在虾夷扇贝不同组织（肝脏、鳃、性腺、外套膜、闭壳肌）中的蓄积、分布和生物转化特征.结果显示,8：2FTCA蓄积浓度最高的组织为肝脏,达峰值最快的组织为鳃.在8：2FTCA代谢过程中,检测到8：2氟调聚不饱和酸（8：2FTUCA）、7：3氟调聚羧酸（7：3FTCA）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟壬酸（PFNA）和全氟庚酸（PFHpA）5种代谢产物,其中7：3FTCA和PFOA为含量最丰富的2种代谢产物.它们主要分布在鳃和肝脏组织中,鳃和肝脏是8：2FTCA进行生物转化的主要器官,并且鳃组织中代谢产物的浓度最高.推测出虾夷扇贝体内8：2FTCA的生物转化路径,与虹鳟的生物转化行为相比,虾夷扇贝在代谢产物产量和半衰期上均有差异,说明水生生物的生物转化行为具有物种差异性.8：2FTCA在虾夷扇贝体内可转化为PFOA、PFNA和PFHpA等全氟烷基羧酸（PFCAs）,是虾夷扇贝体内PFCAs的一个间接来源.     

河水-地下水交互带内砷及金属的自然衰减过程

在简单介绍污染物自然衰减作用定义的基础上,重点分析了河水-地下水交互带内As和以矿山废水为来源的金属污染物的自然衰减行为:主要包括吸附作用,氧化还原作用,生物转化作用等。其中详细介绍了金属Fe、Al的氢氧化物/氧化物对As化合物和其他金属如Cd、Cu和Zn等的吸附作用;Ca2+、Fe2+、磷酸盐、重碳酸盐等阴阳离子和天然有机质对吸附作用的影响;金属微生物氧化还原作用以及微生物作用下As(V)与As(III)的相互转化过程。研究发现,阳离子可以增强金属的吸附作用,阴离子主要是参与竞争吸附;天然有机质对金属吸附过程的抑制作用阻碍金属的固定;交互带内氧化还原条件的变化可以引起一系列的氧化还原反应;微生物催化还原不利于As的自然衰减。最后指出目前河水-地下水交互带内金属污染物衰减过程研究存在的问题以及今后的发展方向。     

全氟辛烷磺酰胺在小麦和蚯蚓中的富集与转化

研究了不同培养介质和培养方式下全氟辛烷磺酰胺(PFOSA)在小麦、蚯蚓体内的生物富集和转化.结果 表明:小麦根系可以从培养介质中吸收PFOSA并向上转运至茎叶.土壤中PFOSA生物有效性受总有机碳(TOC)的影响显著,高TOC含量土壤中PFOSA的生物有效性降低,导致其在小麦和蚯蚓中的生物富集因子分别由(61.24±8...     

Biological transformation, kinetics and dose-response assessments of bound musk ketone hemoglobin adducts in rainbow trout as biomarkers of environmental exposure

Low levels (ng/g) of musk ketone (MK),used as a fragrance additive in the formulation of personal care products,are frequently detected in the water and other environment.Thus,aquatic organisms can be continuously exposed to MK.In this study,kinetics and dose-response assessments of 2-amino-MK (AMK) metabolite,bound to cysteine-hemoglobin (Hb) in rainbow trout,formed by enzymatic nitro-reduction of MK have been demonstrated.Trout were exposed to a single exposure of 0.010,0.030,0.10,and 0.30 mg MK/g fish...     

响应面法优化固定化细胞催化α-羟基苯乙酸的合成

采用Plackett-Burman试验设计法及响应面分析法(RSM),对固定化Bacillus sp.ULi-11菌株生物不对称合成(R)-α-羟基苯乙酸((R)-HPA)进行优化.首先采用Plackett-Burman试验设计筛选影响产率的主要因素,再用最陡爬坡方法逼近最大响应区域后用Box-Behnken试验设计及RSM进行回归分析,得到的最佳条件为温度33℃,增殖时间9.3h,装液量18 mL,转速180 r/min,pH 7.2,接种量2%,种龄16 h,在此条件下(R)-HPA的产率为49.61%,比优化前的产率提高了23.7%.图3表6参16     

Biotransformations of Chlorophenols in River Sediments

Abstract

The accumulation of chlorophenols, including 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP), from river sediments from southern Taiwan were studied. Through simple or more exhaustive extractions, the results showed that 99% of the samples containing 2,4,6-TCP and PCP could be removed by simple extraction. the concentrations were found to range from non-detectable to 16.60 ngg¹ for 2,4,6-TCP and to 25.02 ngg¹ for PCP. Partition coefficients (K_p) were 0.71, 0.74 mlg¹ for 2,4,6-TCP, 1.35 and 1.41 mlg¹ for PCP. Biodegradation by DCP-adapted or unadapted anaerobes in sediment was carried out. During 21 days' incubation, the complete degradation time for 2,4,6-TCP in DCP-adapted anaerobic, unadapted anaerobic, and unadapted aerobic conditions were found to be 9, 10, 12 days for N3 sediment, and 8, 10, 11 days for N6 sediment, respectively; for PCP it was 19 days, without degradation, 14 days for N3 sediment, and 13, 17, 10 days for N6 sediment, respectively. the biodegradable products were identified as 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,5-TeCP), 3,4,5-TCP, 3,5-DCP, 3-MCP, phenol, methylphenol, and benzoate for PCP, and 2,4-DCP, 4-MCP, phenol, methylphenol, and benzoate for 2,4,6-TCP.     

Effect of chronic exposure to cadmium on hepatic drug metabolism

Abstract

In an attempt to examine the chronic effect of low levels of cadmium on hepatic drug‐metabolizing enzyme system, an experiment was carried out in which growing male rats were given 0, 5, 10, and 2 0 ppm of cadmium in drinking water for a period of 8 weeks. An ip administration of a hypnotic dose of pentobarbital to the cadmium‐treated and the control rats 2 4 hr following the termination of the experiment exhibited that there was no significant difference in the drug metabolism in control and any of the treated groups. Next, liver microsomes were isolated from animals in all groups to study their ability to metabolize drugs in vitro. The results indicated that the activity of benzphetamine N‐demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, and the concentration of microsomal cytochrome P‐450 were almost identical in the control and treated groups. On the other hand, a single ip dose of cadmium (2 mg/kg) caused significant decrease in the in vivo and in vitro microsomal drug metabolism. These results suggest that although a single ip dose of cadmium (2 mg/kg) causes significant inhibition of drug metabolism, chronic exposure to cadmium up to 2 0 ppm in drinking water over a period of 8 weeks is unlikely to affect hepatic drug metabolism.