Assays of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in actually contaminated soils using transgenic tobacco plants carrying a recombinant mouse aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated β-glucuronidase reporter gene expression system

The transgenic tobacco plant XD4V-26 carrying the recombinant mouse aryl hydrocarbon receptor XD4V-mediated β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene expression system was used for assay of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds consisting of polychlorinated dibenzeno-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) in actually contaminated soils. The transgenic tobacco plant XD4V-26 showed a significant dose-dependent induced GUS activity when cultured on MS medium containing PCB126 [toxic equivalency factor (TEF) = 0.1]. In contrast, PCB169 and PCB180, which have 0.03 of TEF and unassigned TEF values, respectively, did not significantly induce GUS activity under the same conditions as with PCB126. When the tobacco plants were cultivated for up to 5 weeks on actually contaminated soils with dioxins and dioxin-like compounds collected from the periphery of an incinerator used for disposal of residential and industrial wastes, GUS activity in the leaves was dose-dependently increased. The plants clearly detected 360 pg-TEQ g^?1 of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in this assay. There was a positive correlation between GUS activity and TEQ value of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in the plants. This assay does not require any extraction and purification processes for the actually contaminated soil samples.     

三种零价铁对土壤中六氯联苯PCB138降解研究

采用纳米级零价铁、镍铁双金属和微米级零价铁在常温常压条件下还原降解土壤中的六氯联苯PCB138,GC-MS分析降解产物。结果表明,3种零价铁对土壤中的PCB138均有明显的降解效果。在实验条件下,随着3种零价铁投加量的增大,土壤PCB138的降解率也随之升高。反应体系初始p H值越低,3种零价铁对土壤中PCB138的降解效果越好。在20~60℃实验条件下升高温度对土壤中PCB138含量影响不大。动力学分析显示,纳米级零价铁、镍铁双金属和微米级零价铁对土壤中PCB138降解过程均符合一级反应动力学,反应速率常数分别为0.015 46/h、0.019 37/h和0.009 89/h。3种零价铁粉比表面积和扫描电镜分析结果显示,纳米级零价铁和镍铁双金属的比表面积比微米级零价铁粉大600~800倍,其表面形态更利于污染物质发生还原降解反应。     

吉林省公主岭市青少年头发中多氯联苯污染水平的研究

应用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析了23份采自吉林省公主岭市青少年（12～18岁）头发样品中的30种多氯联苯（PCBs）,并对头发样品中PCBs的构成和来源进行了解析,对其与性别的相关性进行了分析.结果表明,头发样品中PCBs的检出率为100%,PCBs总含量ΣPCBs为（68.85±36.72）ng.g-1,含量范...     

萃取浓缩-薄涂柱气相色谱法测定煤焦油废水中的联苯和菲

用苯萃取浓缩煤焦油废水中的联苯和菲，然后用薄涂柱气相色谱法进行测定。试验表明：该法具有色谱柱温低、快速、准确等特点。     

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and related compounds: The blood levels of young Japanese women

We investigated PCDDs and related compounds in the blood of young Japanese women, approximately 20 years of age, who had not yet had children, and discussed how the TEQ level of PCDDs and related compounds in their blood may affect the next generation. Means of total TEQ levels were 0.063 pg/g for whole blood basis and 21 pg/g for lipid basis. TEQ of PCDDs, PCDFs and coplanar PCBs accounted for about 43, 34 and 23% of the total TEQ in the whole blood basis, respectively. In the lipid basis, their values were about 44, 34 and 22%, respectively. Previously, we investigated PCDDs and related compounds levels in mother's breast milk, lymphocyte subpopulation and thyroid function of their children, and found negative correlations between the TEQ level of PCDDs and related compounds and CD4+/CD8+, and/or the TEQ level of PCDDs and related compounds and the T₄ level in 36 mothers and children. Of these cases, the average age was approximately 28 years. PCDDs and related compounds may be related to immunopathy, such as atopic dermatitis. The effects of PCDDs and related compounds on babies of young Japanese women are important and must be further evaluated.     

Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in effluent from a large municipal wastewater treatment plant: Potential for bioremediation?

This study involved an evaluation of the potential for bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in the effluent from a large municipal wastewater treatment plant. It was focused on the presence of PCBs in two types of effluents: the continuous effluent present during dry weather conditions and the intermittently present effluent that was present during wet weather due to incoming stormwater. The annual discharge of PCBs for both types of effluent was calculated based on a five-year dataset(2011–2015). In addition, the toxicity and bioremediation potential of the PCBs in the effluent were also assessed. It was found that the continuous effluent was responsible for the majority of the discharged PCB into the receiving river(1821 g for five years), while the intermittent effluent contributed 260 g over the five years.The average number of chlorine per biphenyl for the detected PCB congeners showed a 19%difference between the two types of effluent, which indicated a potential for organohalide respiration of PCBs during the continuous treatment. This was further supported by a high level of tri-, tetra-and penta-chlorinated congeners accounting for 75% of the anaerobically respired PCBs. Potential for aerobic degradation and thus biomineralization of PCBs was identified for both effluents. Furthermore, toxicity of 12 dioxin-like PCBs showed that normal operation of the wastewater reduced the toxicity throughout the wastewater treatment plant.     

甲醇溶液中多氯联苯的微波降解

采用微波降解多氯联苯，对影响多氯联苯降解率的反应温度、反应时间、搅拌方式、试剂加入量等因素进行了考察和优化，结果表明：在反应温度为50℃、反应时间为10min、充分搅拌的条件下，溶液中多氯联苯的降解率可达99．999％。经初步分析确定，多氯联苯的降解产物为无毒的烃类、碳、氯离子和水等物质。     

衡山大气中PCBs的浓度水平及来源分析

为研究我国高山地区大气中多氯联苯(PCBs)的含量情况,于2009年4月~5月在衡山气象站采集了气相及颗粒相样品.以气相色谱法测得该地区大气中7种指示性PCB(Indicator-PCBs)的平均浓度为180.51pg/m3,含量最多的为PCB52.与国外高山站点相比,衡山的PCBs含量处于较高水平.通过后推气流轨迹分析了气流来向对PCBs含量的影响,结果显示,来自北方的气流携带较多的PCBs.主因子分析的结果表明,该地区PCBs的来源可以归结为3类,分别为:国外的PCBs产品;焚烧炉排放、造纸漂白等工业生产过程以及国产的变压器油等PCBs产品;含PCBs的油漆添加剂等.     

多氯联苯暴露对食蚊鱼CYP19ɑ 和VTGɑ 基因的表达及骨骼形态雄性化的影响

应用食蚊鱼细胞色素P450芳香化酶基因(CYP19%)和卵黄蛋白原基因(VTG%)m RNA转录水平为指标,研究微量多氯联苯(PCBs)长时间暴露对成年雌性食蚊鱼CYP19%基因和VTG%基因表达的影响,并评价其对雌性食蚊鱼产生的形态雄性化效应。采用静水暴露实验模式,分别设置0.08、0.4、2和10μg·L-1PCBs浓度,并设置对照组和平行组,定量测定14 d和28 d性腺CYP19%和肝脏VTG%m RNA表达水平的变化,以及对椎体脉棘发育的影响。暴露实验结果显示:1各PCBs浓度组(0.08、0.4、2和10μg·L-1PCBs)暴露均能抑制食蚊鱼CYP19%和VTG基因的表达,表明PCBs对食蚊鱼VTG%基因的抑制远大于对食蚊鱼CYP19%基因的抑制;20.4μg·L-1PCBs暴露显著地降低了食蚊鱼第15椎体脉棘的长度并降低第15、16椎体脉棘的L/D值,显示食蚊鱼出现骨骼形态雄性化,表明一定浓度的PCBs暴露会表现出抗雌激素效应。     

高效联苯降解菌的筛选及其特性

焦化废水属高浓度难降解工业有机废水,其中所含的多环芳烃属难降解有机物,且对环境产生毒害作用。为探索生物强化技术去除焦化废水中多环芳烃类化合物,采用选择性培养和多级富集的方法,以联苯为模型化合物,并作为惟一碳源,从焦化厂废水和污泥中分离和筛选得到6株联苯降解菌。通过逐渐提高底物浓度的方法驯化菌株后,从中筛选出降解效率最高的联苯降解菌株WIS-01,在此基础上进行菌属鉴定、细菌生长情况及联苯降解性能的研究。实验结果表明,3 d内菌株WIS-01对联苯的降解率可达99%以上,可耐受联苯的最高质量浓度为2 g/L。通过形态学、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列比对分析,确定菌株WIS-01属于假单胞菌属,同源性达95%,命名为Pseudomonas sp.WIS-01。