油炉法碳黑生产线清洁生产探讨

文中通过油炉法生产碳黑工艺，本着节能、降耗、减污、增效，清洁生产的全新思想，结合碳黑行业清洁生产实际，分析该行业能源、原材料、技术工艺、控制过程、设备、产品、管理、员工及废弃物排放点，探讨各工艺环节清洁生产潜力，提出清洁生产方案。     

AS法制浆废液改性减水剂实验研究

通过实验，对AS法麦草、芦苇造纸制浆废液加入Ba(OH)2溶液和吐温-80进行化学改性，制成木素磺酸盐为主要成份的混凝土减水剂，制得的减水剂的3项主要性能指标均达到以国家标准，它们在掺量3‰时净浆减水率为6%-8%，砂浆减水率为15%-16%，掺麦草、芦苇浆废液减水剂的砂浆3d抗压强度分别提高28%和30%，7d抗压强度分别提高18.6和26.4%。     

Scaling Uncertainties in Estimating Canopy Foliar Maintenance Respiration for Black Spruce Ecosystems in Alaska

A major challenge confronting the scientific community is to understand both patterns of and controls over spatial and temporal variability of carbon exchange between boreal forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. An understanding of the sources of variability of carbon processes at fine scales and how these contribute to uncertainties in estimating carbon fluxes is relevant to representing these processes at coarse scales. To explore some of the challenges and uncertainties in estimating carbon fluxes at fine to coarse scales, we conducted a modeling analysis of canopy foliar maintenance respiration for black spruce ecosystems of Alaska by scaling empirical hourly models of foliar maintenance respiration (R_m) to estimate canopy foliar R_m for individual stands. We used variation in foliar N concentration among stands to develop hourly stand-specific models and then developed an hourly pooled model. An uncertainty analysis identified that the most important parameter affecting estimates of canopy foliar R_m was one that describes R_m at 0 ^∘C per g N, which explained more than 55% of variance in annual estimates of canopy foliar R_m. The comparison of simulated annual canopy foliar R_m identified significant differences between stand-specific and pooled models for each stand. This result indicates that control over foliar N concentration should be considered in models that estimate canopy foliar R_m of black spruce stands across the landscape. In this study, we also temporally scaled the hourly stand-level models to estimate canopy foliar R_m of black spruce stands using mean monthly temperature data. Comparisons of monthly R_m between the hourly and monthly versions of the models indicated that there was very little difference between the estimates of hourly and monthly models, suggesting that hourly models can be aggregated to use monthly input data with little loss of precision. We conclude that uncertainties in the use of a coarse-scale model for estimating canopy foliar R_m at regional scales depend on uncertainties in representing needle-level respiration and on uncertainties in representing the spatial variability of canopy foliar N across a region. The development of spatial data sets of canopy foliar N represents a major challenge in estimating canopy foliar maintenance respiration at regional scales.     

电解法处理造纸清黑液的研究

采用电解法处理造纸清黑液,利用电解氧化去除水中有机物,降低废水的COD.电解槽中电流密度,氯离子含量、pH值、电极板间的距离等是影响电解处理效果的重要因素.采用氢氧化钙对电解处理后的清黑液进行苛化处理,处理后废水可以用于蒸煮.     

黑土有机质分解、积累及其变化规律

有机质是黑土肥力的基础,通过区域分析和长期定位试验探索有机质变化规律,结果表明,黑土有机质含量总体呈下降趋势,不同施肥处理对黑土有机质含量变化呈现不同变化趋势。     

苏北地区土壤-水稻系统重金属分布及其食物安全风险评价

2004年在对苏北地区6个县市(丰县、沛县、铜山、睢宁、楚州和东海)采用网格法采样的基础上,随机选择了该区域2种主要土壤类型上98个土样及其上所产水稻籽粒样品,采用原子吸收分光光谱仪和原子荧光光谱仪分别测定了其中的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、As和Hg 8种重金属的全量.分别以国家绿色食品生产基地标准、无公害农产品生产基地标准以及20世纪80年代的地区背景值为参照依据,分析评价了所研究土壤的重金属污染程度和大米的重金属安全水平,并进一步依据USEPA和WHO推荐的RfD值,结合我国居民平均食物消费结构评估了该地区土壤所产大米对人体的重金属暴露风险.结果显示,该地区的土壤重金属环境质量总体上符合建设绿色食品生产基地的要求,属于总体未明显污染土壤;不过,黄潮土上所产大米中Ni以及砂礓黑土上所产大米中Ni、Pb含量存在超出国家食品卫生安全标准的现象. 依据USEPA的RfD值计算所得结果表明,供试地区所有土壤上所产大米中As、Cr具有明显的食物安全风险,部分地区的大米中Cd存在风险,由于Cd/Zn比值较低,因此基本上仍属安全.为了进一步保障农产品食用安全,一方面需要制订更严格的土壤环境质量标准,控制土壤污染,另一方面可能还需要着力改善大气环境质量.     

络合萃取法处理高浓度H酸废水

研究了用络合萃取法回收H酸废母液中染料中间体的多种影响因素，得出了最佳工艺参数。实验结果表明，通过萃取工艺，H酸废母液中染料中间体回收率可达90％以上，萃余液中CODcr d (1000-3000)mg/L之间，此工艺可使废母液中的回收物浓缩5－10倍，萃取剂可以再生回用。     

用中和氧化法处理常压汽油碱渣的探讨

通过碱渣与废酸溶液的中和反应室内试验和碱渣与中和溶液在７５℃和５０℃条件下通风１２小时的氧化反应的室内试验，碱液的硫化物含量可降至１２０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，ｐＨ值降至８．５～９．０，提出工业生产的工艺流程，彻底根治碱渣冲击污水处理系统的现象。     

麦草低污染制浆新技术

麦草低污染制浆新工艺采用亚硫酸钠-甲醛-蒽醌（加入少量催化剂）制浆（SFP-AQ法）,生产吨浆的COD排放总量下降30％,色度下降60％,悬浮物总量下降50％,制浆黑液的pH值下降至7～8。采用该新工艺同时还可产生表面活性好、便于利用的木素磺酸钠和其他产品,使纤维资源得到综合利用,为解决中小型草浆造纸厂的污染问题提供一条有效途径。j     

Fe_2（SO_4）_3与Fecl_3对黄液厌氧处理的影响

本文报道了黄液厌氧反应中Ｆｅ２（ＳＯ４）３与Ｆｅｃｌ３对厌氧微抑制生物作用的研究；发现了混凝预处理后黄液中残存的或ｃｌ－浓度较低，不影响后继的厌氧处理过程中微生物活性。