Identifying habitat patches and potential ecological corridors for remnant Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) populations in Japan

The Japanese National Biodiversity Strategy 2010 calls for the creation of ecological networks as a biodiversity conservation policy. However, there is an obvious lack of information on the spatial distribution of many species and a lack of scientific methods for examining habitat requirements to establish the need for constructing these networks for target species. This study presents a quantitative method for assessing the need for ecological networks through modeling the potential geographic distributions of species based on a case study of local populations of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) in Fuji and Tanzawa, Japan. A total of 1541 point records of occurrences of Asiatic black bears and 11 potential predictors were analyzed in a GIS environment. After a predictive distributional map was obtained using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm, a gap analysis was carried out and population size was estimated. Approximately 24% of the bear's predicted habitat area fell within a wildlife protection area, 2% within a nature reserve, and 37% within natural parks. Conservation forest comprised 54% of the total area of predicted habitat; of this, national forest comprised 2%, and private and communal forest comprised 37%. The total estimated Asiatic black bear population in this region was 242, with 179 individuals in the Fuji local population, 26 in the Tanzawa local population, and 37 in the corridor patch between the two local populations. Our study also found a potential corridor connecting the Fuji and Tanzawa local populations, as well as potential habitat corridors in the Fuji region containing subpopulations on Mt. Fuji (119 individuals) and Mt. Kenashi (53 individuals). An additional subpopulation on Mt. Ashitaka (7 individuals) is isolated and not fully protected by a zoning plan. Mt. Furo's subpopulation is considered to be almost extinct, although black bears were observed here until 2002 based on the report by Mochizuki et al. (2005). The total black bear population of the Fuji-Tanzawa region is considered to be “endangered”; thus, an adequate population size might be difficult to maintain even if this region were to be internally connected by means of an ecological network.     

高掺比粉煤灰-微珠保温制品工艺研究

本文从微珠、粉煤灰和粘土相近的化学成分出发 ,分析了混合料的结合和反应机理 ,在这个基础上研究了各种配方情况下的保温砖的成型工艺 ,指出烧结法工艺品有良好的性能 ,掺入较多的粉煤灰将有更好的环境效益和经济效益。为了简化工艺 ,节约能源 ,便于推广 ,初步研究了用化学方法粘结的非烧结工艺———这是一种有前途的保温砖成型工艺。     

Disposal of Coal Fly Ash at A Deep Water Site in the Eastern Mediterranean Off Israel - Six Years of Monitoring

Coal fly ash (CFA) is dumped at a deep sea disposal site (1,500m water depth) in the eastern Mediterranean, ca. 70km off the Israeli shore. Since 1989, about one million tons of CFA were dumped at the 200km² allocated area. Six years of monitoring at the dump-site shows that the CFA is heterogeneously distributed; there are areas where CFA covers about 1.3cm depth of the sea floor while at others no CFA is found. CFA is present as a fine powder, small aggregates and even as large blocks both in the dump-site as well as at its peripheries. Cadmium, copper and zinc concentrations in the CFA decreased as a result of the prolonged contact with sea water at in situ conditions while inconclusive changes in mercury, iron and manganese were detected. No changes were observed for lead, iron and aluminium concentrations. A controlled long term field experiment, now in progress at the site, is expected to clarify further chemical changes occurring in the CFA.     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定垃圾焚烧飞灰中铅

采用微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定了垃圾焚烧飞灰中铅的含量。重点研究了铁氰化钾的用量以及加入盐酸羟胺对测定结果的影响。试验结果表明:加入铁氰化钾可以促进铅烷生成,盐酸羟胺可起到抑制干扰的作用。方法的检出限为0.39μg/L,回收率为83.6%～101.3%。     

四川辖曼自然保护区黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)的数量及分布

通过１９９７０７２４～１９９７０８１７对四川辖曼自然保护区的调查,发现黑颈鹤２６９只．通过平均密度法估算整个保护区有４０７只,其主要分布在伏流宽谷沼泽和湖泊洼地沼泽,其最适生境是湿润及水体沼泽区,偶见于草坡．由于自然环境的变迁及人为活动的干扰,黑颈鹤的栖息繁殖环境及整个湿地生态系统的稳定性正受到极大的威胁,需进一步加强保护     

浅层淹水条件下不同施肥处理对黑土温室气体排放的影响

以东北黑土区长期耕作土壤为对象,通过室内培养试验研究了浅层淹水条件下不同施肥处理对黑土温室气体排放的影响.结果表明,浅层淹水条件下,与不施肥对照处理相比,单施氮肥处理对土壤CO₂排放没有显著影响,氮肥配施猪粪或者秸秆则显著促进了CO₂的排放,使得CO₂排放速率提高了一个数量级,氮肥配施秸秆处理的CO₂排放量最高.浅层淹水条件下,与不施肥对照处理相比,施用氮肥显著促进了土壤N₂O的排放.而与单施氮肥处理相比,氮肥配施猪粪和秸秆则显著抑制了N₂O的排放,表现为土壤对N₂O的微量吸收,氮肥配施秸秆处理的N₂O吸收量相对较高.浅层淹水条件下施用氮肥抑制了土壤CH₄的排放,而与单施氮肥处理相比,氮肥配施猪粪或者秸秆则促进了土壤CH₄的排放.     

复合表面活性剂对燃煤陶瓷窑炉黑烟润湿作用的研究

为了有效控制燃煤陶瓷窑炉黑烟的污染,根据理论和实验研究的结果,选择合适的润湿剂和助剂,研究了阴离子表面活性剂Y1、非离子表面活性剂F1与无机盐Z1复配后溶液表面张力的变化,筛选出了表面张力较小的配比。利用所选配比对燃煤陶瓷窑炉黑烟的润湿作用进行了W alker实验研究和理论分析。实验结果表明,0.5 mmol/L Y1+50mmol/L Z1+0.03 mmol/L F1的配比对黑烟的润湿作用较好。并对其润湿机理进行了探讨。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰中二噁英类的研究概况

随着垃圾焚烧技术的推广应用,焚烧产生的污染越来越受关注,本文介绍了二噁英的检测方法、垃圾焚烧飞灰中二噁英的分布、影响因素及飞灰的处置和综合利用技术研究概况。     

湍流与化学团聚耦合促进燃煤细颗粒物的清除

燃煤飞灰中的细颗粒物对人体和环境的危害很大,传统静电除尘器对细颗粒物的清除效率很低。在团聚室内设置湍流器件,改变颗粒的运动,同时喷入化学团聚剂进一步促进细颗粒物长大而清除。研究发现湍流团聚装置中涡片结构影响颗粒的流动,斜涡片比十字形涡片性能更优越;安装扰流柱后更有利于提高颗粒的数量清除效率。团聚室内颗粒浓度为3 g·m-3时,颗粒团聚清除效率最佳。在湍流与化学团聚耦合作用后,颗粒总质量清除率能达到53.6%,总数量清除率达到68.9%,但化学团聚剂对质量清除率的作用更为明显。     

以粉煤灰为原料制备高纯度NaP型分子筛

以工业固体废弃物粉煤灰为原料,经分级处理后提取其中的硅铝元素(Na2SiO3和NaAlO2),通过水热合成法制备高纯度NaP型分子筛。考察了硅铝比、水硅比、晶化时间和晶化温度对NaP型分子筛制备的影响,采用XRD、SEM、FT-IR和DTA-TG对NaP型分子筛的晶型、形貌、热稳定性进行分析表征,并考察了NaP分子筛对Cu2+的吸附性能。实验结果表明,当H2O/Si为120、Si/Al为1.0,晶化温度为115℃、晶化时间9 h时,可得到高纯度NaP型分子筛。合成的NaP型分子筛可有效地吸附Cu2+,温度升高有助于分子筛吸附能力的提升,当吸附温度为45℃,吸附120 min时,Cu2+的最大去除率可达98.3%。