高活性吸收剂脱硫脱氮的研究

针对目前干法脱硫工艺中吸收剂活性和钙利用率比较低的问题,开发了一种具有较高活性的吸收剂,用于烟道喷射脱硫脱氮.用实验设计方法研究了影响吸收剂活性的因素,得出高活性吸收剂的制备条件.并进行了脱除实验.     

Investigation of hydrogen generation from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

Hydrogen generation from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash was investigated to understand the influences of contacting method, kinds of contact solution, liquid to solid ratio, and particle size distribution of materials. Redox properties of materials and hydrogen generation were also studied. The largest quantity of gas generated in contact with water was 29.1 ml/g-ash, most of which was hydrogen. Fluidized bed fly ash generated more gas than stoker fly ash. In order to calculate the hydrogen generation potential (the maximum quantity of gas generated in contact with water), a novel system using a Y-shaped test tube and NaOH was utilized. This method gives values which are related to the quantity of generated gas in contact with water. A relationship between the aluminum content and hydrogen generation potential was observed, especially for fluidized bed fly ash. The reducing potential of fluidized bed fly ash was higher than that of stoker fly ash. Only fluidized bed fly ash showed a positive correlation between aluminum content and reducing potential, and between reducing potential and hydrogen generation potential. These results suggest that fluidized bed fly ash contains more Al⁰ than stoker fly ash. Received: September 11, 1998 / Accepted: March 19, 1999     

等离子体热解处理废轮胎实验研究

以废轮胎为实验物料 ,在N2 热等离子体反应器内进行了一系列热解试验。气体产物产率达 40 % ,固体产物产率为 60 % ,气体产物主要成分为CO、H2 、CH4 等可燃气体 ,固体产物分析结果显示该产物特性与轮胎制造中加入的配料碳黑相近     

高效集热自然环境加速试验设备设计

目的 设计一种能够高效强化太阳辐射热效应的自然环境加速试验设备,在自然环境中构建具有极端高温和高低温循环条件的试验微环境.方法 研发高效集热自然环境加速试验设备,采用模块化设计,包括试验箱体、跟踪太阳基座和控制与数据记录部件,试验箱体5面为双层保温结构,顶部采用2 mm厚单层铝合金板材作箱盖,并涂覆吸热率大于90％的太...     

Porous silica synthesis out of coal fly ash with no residue generation and complete silicon separation

● Both amorphous and crystalline silicon are completely separated from coal fly ash. ● Porous silica is synthesized out of coal fly ash. ● No residues is produced during the whole synthesis process. ● The one-step method to synthesize silica don’t need long-time reaction and aging. Ordered mesoporous silica materials exhibit enormous potential in industrial production. Since coal fly ash (CFA) is abundant in Si, it has become a green and promising way to utilize CFA by synthesizing porous silica materials. However, the stable crystalline structure of CFA limits the extraction of Si, and the residue is generated during the process of extracting Si. In this work, we proposed a no-residue method to synthesize ordered mesoporous silica out of CFA. Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) was used to reconstruct the crystals of the CFA, and the calcined mixture then directly reacted with the precipitators. This method combined the process of Si extraction and porous material synthesis. In this method, no residue was generated and the silicon in both amorphous and crystalline phases of CFA was fully utilized. By this method, the extraction efficiency of Si was increased from 31.75% to nearly 100%. The as-synthesized mesoporous silica had a highly-ordered pore structure with a space group of la-3d, a surface area of 663.87 m²/g, a pore volume of 0.41 cm³/g, and an average pore diameter of 2.73 nm. The mechanism of crystalline transformation and material structure formation were systematically studied. This method provides a new idea to dispose of CFA and synthesize porous silica materials.     

Effects of sulfur on variations in the chemical speciation of heavy metals from fly ash glass

● A higher sulfur content reduced the curing rate of Cr in glass. ● Depolymerization increased the amounts of heavy metals in the carbonate bound state. ● Reducing the CaO/SiO₂ ratio increased the proportion of stable heavy metals. This work designed a new CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-SO₃ glass for the immobilization of multiple heavy metals found in dechlorinated fly ash having high amounts of calcium and sulfur. Increasing the (CaO + SO₃)/SiO₂ mass ratio (M(CS/S)) from 0.28 to 0.85 was found to lower the proportions of Mn, Ni and Zn in an unstable state, while an M(CS/S) ratio of 0.51 gave the lowest proportions of unstable Cr and Pb. Decreasing the degree of polymerization of the glassy network increased the proportions of Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in the carbonate bound state. The leaching out of metals in this state was the primary cause of degradation of Q³ structural units in the glassy network. The amount of Mn in the iron-manganese oxide bound state was increased by increasing the number of Q² units in the silicate network. Decreasing the CaO/SiO₂ mass ratio (M(C/S)) raised the proportions of Mn, Ni and Zn in the unstable state. An M(C/S) value of 0.43 lowered the proportions of unstable Cr and Pb. A principal components analysis determined that the leaching of toxic heavy metals from the glass was primarily related to the proportions of these metals in the unstable state while there were no evident correlations between leaching and the proportions in stable states.     

焦作市某电厂粉煤灰堆放场引起岩溶地下水Cr6+污染的初步研究

结合焦作市某粉煤灰堆放场的水文地质情况,根据淋滤液中Cr^6＋离子析出过程,探讨了Cr^6＋离子对岩溶地下水的影响。利用数值模拟方法,进行了粉煤灰淋滤总量的估算,并对堆放场提出有关建议和措施。     

同一实验环境下炭黑燃烧催化剂活性测试及制备方法优选

催化燃烧是最有效的炭黑消除手段之一,催化剂是其中的核心,其活性的提高对催化效果优化及成本控制有重要影响.然而目前报道的大量炭黑燃烧催化剂活性测试是基于不同实验环境进行的,其结果之间缺乏比较意义.为了筛选活性优异的催化剂,并总结出催化剂活性与物理化学性质之间的关系,同时为催化过程中氧物种原位定量观测建立基础,根据易得、环...     

粉煤灰在水厂污泥处理和处置中的作用研究

在水厂污泥水中加入电厂粉煤灰,不需再添加其他材料,即可以很好地改善水厂污泥的脱水性能.细粉煤灰最佳投加量为20%,粗粉煤灰最佳投加量为30%,不但可以节约能耗,粉煤灰有了新的出路,干化污泥对环境友好,而且还能制成低热值燃料作焚烧处置,回收部分热能.     

粉煤灰吸附处理含铬废水的研究

研究了粉煤灰吸附处理实验室模拟含铬废水 . 实验结果表明 : 废水 pH 值为 2.00～3.74、粉煤灰用量为2 g、吸附平衡时间 80 min时,铬去除率可达98%以上;吸附符合Freundlich等温模式,吸附等温方程式为 logq=1.568 9-0.146 4 logc,以物理吸附为主;穿透体积为90 mL.利用粉煤灰吸附处理含铬废水,具有处理效果好,操作简单,运行费用低等优点.