造纸污泥中木质素的提取及其改性研究

针对木质素的特性,从造纸污泥中用酸析法提取,提取产物进行磺化改性,探讨了反应温度、时间、pH值等因素对磺化产物的影响。研究表明,磺化反应的适宜条件为木质素∶亚硫酸钠=4∶3、pH=10.5,80～90℃下加热4h,FeCl3可作为木质素磺化反应的催化剂。改性产品经测定,表面活性有明显提高,各项指标基本符合国家标准。     

碱法蔗渣制浆黑液木质素磺化反应研究

对碱法蔗渣制浆黑液回收木质素的磺化反应条件进行了试验研究 .结果表明 ,木质素磺化反应的适宜条件为亚硫酸钠用量 5mmol·g- 1 、溶液pH值 1 0 5、反应时间 5h、反应温度 90℃ .一些金属离子盐如FeCl3和CuSO4可作为木质素磺化反应的接触催化剂     

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of Kraft lignin with HZSM-5 zeolite for producing aromatic hydrocarbons

Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of Kraft lignins with HZSM-5 zeolite for producing aromatics was investigated using analytical pyrolysis methods. Two Kraft lignins were fast pyrolyzed in the absence and presence of HZSM-5 in a Curie-point pyrolyzer. Without the catalyst, fast pyrolysis of lignin predominantly produced phenols and guaiacols that were derived from the subunits of lignin. However, the presence of HZSM-5 changed the product distribution dramatically. As the SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio of HZSM-5 decreased from 200 to 25 and the catalyst-to-lignin ratio increased from 1 to 20, the lignin-derived oxygenates progressively decreased to trace and the aromatics increased substantially. The aromatic yield increased considerably as the pyrolysis temperature increased from 500°C to 650°C, but then decreased with yet further increase of pyrolysis temperature. Under optimal reaction conditions, the aromatic yields were 2.0 wt.% and 5.2 wt.% for the two lignins that had effective hydrogen indexes of 0.08 and 0.35.     

碱法造纸黑液木质素生物酸析法

探讨了用产酸微生物对碱法造纸黑液进行产酸发酵,使黑液由碱变酸进而沉淀分离木质素的方法．通过实验确定出最佳条件为：黑液起始ｐＨ１０,固形物含量７５ ｇ／Ｌ, 加入适量的碳源,发酵温度３５℃,静止厌氧培养４８～７２ ｈ, 黑液ｐＨ 可以降到５ 以下, 木质素提取率达到９０ ％ 以上,并能加快沉淀分离的速度．该方法对多种浆种碱法黑液具有普遍的适应性．     

Mesoporous silicas synthesis and application for lignin peroxidase immobilization by covalent binding method

Immobilization of enzymes on mesoporous silicas (MS) allows for good reusability. MS with two-dimensional hexagonal pores in diameter up to 14.13 nm were synthesized using Pluronic P123 as template and 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene as a swelling agent in acetate buffer. The surface of MS was modified by the silanization reagents 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Lignin peroxidase (LiP) was successfully immobilized on the modified MS through covalent binding method by four agents: glutaraldehyde, 1,4- phenylene diisothiocyanate, cyanotic chloride and water-soluble carbodiimide. Results showed that cyanotic chloride provided the best performance for LiP immobilization. The loaded protein concentration was 12.15 mg/g and the immobilized LiP activity was 812.9 U/L. Immobilized LiP had better pH stability. Acid Orange II was used to examine the reusability of immobilized LiP, showing more than 50% of the dye was decolorized at the fifth cycle.     

麦草木质素水泥混凝土减水剂研究

将从麦草造纸黑液中提取的木质素进行磺化改性,探索其作为水泥混凝土减水剂的可行性,研制了ＺＳ－３号减水剂,同时对麦草造纸黑液资源化治理工艺中产生的含磺化木质素素糖液进行了水泥混凝土减水性实验,研制了ＺＳ－２号减水剂,实验结果表明,ＺＳ－３使水泥混凝土减水率达１０％,７ｄ抗压强度增加１８％,２８ｄ抗压强度增加５％,达到水泥混凝土普通减水剂性能。ＺＳ－２使水泥混凝土减水率达１０％,７ｄ抗压强度增加７３％     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation and extracellular enzyme secretion in agitated and stationary cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium

The extracellular enzyme secretion and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in agitated and shallow stationary liquid cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Veratryl alcohol and Tween80 were added to cultures as lignin peroxidase (LIP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) inducer, respectively. Shallow stationary cultures were suitable for the production of enzyme, whereas agitated cultures enhanced overall biodegradation by facilitating interphase mass transfer of PAHs into aqueous phases. The use of a LIP stimulator, veratryl alcohol, did not increase PAH degradation but significantly enhanced LiP activity. In contrast, Tween80 increased both MnP secretion and PAH degradation in shallow stationary cultures. On the other hand, high PAH degradation was observed in agitated cultures in the absence of detectable LIP and MnP activities. The results suggested that extracellular peroxidase activities are not directly related to the PAH degradation, and the increased solubility rather than enzyme activity may be more important in the promotion of PAH degradation.     

Synthesis of lignin-based copolymer LSAA and the application on controlling non-point source pollution (NPS) resulted from surface runoff

In this article, alkali lignin separated from paper pulp waste was grafted into a novel copolymer LSAA (a copolymer of lignin, starch, acrylamide and acrylic acid). Its practical application effect and environmental safety were studied. The results of field simulation experiment indicated that the application of LSAA significantly affected the output of the runoff and pollutants. The runoff quantity was decreased by 16.67%-47.00% and the loads of total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were reduced by 17.78%-62.14%, 26.32%-59.91%, 26.67%-42.86%, and 22.18%-52.78%, respectively. Tests on its environmental safety showed that LSAA did no harm the soil. Compared with polyacrylamide (PAM), a dominant product in this field, LSAA exhibited similar effects and cheap cost. Thus, this study not only created a new product for controlling runoff water quality but also offered a beneficial application for industrial paper waste.     

高效液相色谱-串联三重四级杆质谱法测定土壤中苦味酸和联苯胺

为测定被污染土壤中的低浓度苦味酸和联苯胺,研究建立了一种基于高效液相色谱-串联三重四级杆质谱检测技术的分析方法,实现了超声波乙酸乙酯溶剂萃取后直接进样的高效定性和定量检测。研究表明,在0.5～100.0μg/L质量浓度范围内,目标化合物的线性关系良好(r0.999 9),苦味酸、联苯胺的检出限分别为0.16、0.30μg/kg,精密度相对标准偏差为1.5%～5.8%,加标回收率范围为70.1%～111.0%。该方法灵敏度高、前处理步骤简便,适用于低含量苦味酸和联苯胺的土壤测定。实验表明,以碱性木素为原料,采用热解法在氮气氛围下600℃煅烧得到的生物质炭,对土壤中联苯胺的去除率高达98.2%,对苦味酸的去除率超过50%,可有效实现污染土壤的修复。