基于运行安全的停机位分配问题研究

随着民航运输业的发展,航班密度不断增加,相邻停机位间推出冲突概率不断增加。为合理分配大型繁忙机场停机位,兼顾安全与效率,建立基于运行安全的停机位分配问题优化模型。在模型中加入约束条件以避免潜在的推出冲突,以及考虑将重要航班优先分配到指定的旅客行走距离较短的停机位,来提高旅客的整体满意度。通过分析机位分配特点,选择性能比较优越的遗传算法进行求解。最后用实际算例进行验证,得到停机位分配甘特图以及算法收敛曲线。从结果中可以看到,停机位分配比较合理,算法收敛性能良好。就整体而言,达到了预期的要求。     

ACT method for safety training: An approach to improve on-site safety performance

Unsafe behavior is one of the main causes limiting the improvement of on-site safety performance. Safety training is an important means of preventing unsafe behavior. With changes in the scale of operations and employee characteristics, traditional training methods have largely failed to meet the practical demands. Therefore, to improve the effectiveness of safety training, this paper analyzes the shortcomings of the current training methods, demonstrates the potential value of accident cases for improving the training effect, and the advantages of 24Model for case analysis in safety training. Subsequently, this paper constructs a systematic training system with Accident-Cause-Training (ACT) as the training relationship chain, which runs the accident cases throughout the training process, 24Model is utilized to trace the unsafe behaviors that lead to accidents from the perspectives of organizational and individual level, and the training content is established according to the analysis results. This paper also conducts a case study to verify the operability of the ACT method, specifically, a training programme for limited space operations at a national-level oil and gas storage and transportation company is designed and implemented. Finally, by comparing the similarities and differences between the ACT method and other training methods from various perspectives, the universality and participation of the ACT method are proved, and the development trend of the ACT method is also discussed. It is believed that the proposed ACT method could enrich the types of safety training methods and provide an effective and scientific tool to enhance the safety performance of field operations.     

高含硫天然气钻井环境风险评价及防范措施

天然气钻井作业由于地下情况复杂隐藏着多种不安全因素,存在着较大的环境风险。要真正减少钻井施工现场的安全事故,必须充分了解影响钻井施工安全的风险源,评估风险的危害性的大小及范围,通过抓好安全生产管理,对风险进行控制,达到安全生产施工的目标。文章分析了天然气钻井中可能出现的环境风险因素,提出预防或减缓事故的对策和措施,为钻井行业提供安全可靠的参考。     

Torque Production Using Handwheels of Different Size During a Simulated Valve Operation Task

Opening and closing valves in industrial facilities often requires operators to use bars and wrenches as levers (cheaters) in order to overcome initial actuation forces. In order to determine more appropriate operational specifications, the maximum torque production capability was measured when 12 male participants used 4 different valve handwheels at 3 different heights and 2 different angles (in relationship to the coronal plane). The results indicate that the participants produced significantly greater torque when the largest of the 4 wheels (40.6 cm diameter) was used than when the medium (22.9 cm), small (20.3 cm), and handled (17.8 cm) handwheels were used. Although the main effect of heights was found to be statistically significant, post-hoc analyses between the heights found them to be, essentially, equal. In addition, the vertical and horizontal wheel orientations were not found to be different. The results are applicable to all industries where handwheels are used and applicable to valve manufacturers for designing operational torque specifications below the values found in this study.     

车用机械式安全气囊使用维护和诊断测试探析

根据汽车安全气囊系统的组成特点及使用要点,本文介绍了轿车SRS系统的诊断测试,研究了汽车安全气囊系统故障检排,同时列举了沃尔沃系列轿车SRS气囊系统故障检查与排除方法。     

城市污水处理厂安全运行问题探讨

从城市污水处理厂达标出水的生命周期评价的角度,提出城市污水处理厂安全运行的内涵,即以保障出水达标为核心,同时防止污水处理过程中发生安全事故和对污水处理厂周围环境的污染;分析影响城市污水处理厂安全运行的因素;从保障出水达标、防止污水处理过程中发生人员伤亡、防止污水处理厂对周围环境产生污染和建立健全完善的管理制度等方面,探讨如何保证污水处理厂安全运行。笔者所探讨的问题,旨在为提高我国城市污水处理厂安全运行提供理论依据,对预防及减少污水处理的安全事故发挥积极作用。     

燃煤电站袋式除尘器的运行及维护管理

为了保证袋式除尘器的安全、稳定、经济、环保运行,确保袋式除尘器优异的除尘性能,需要加强对袋式除尘器的运行、维护管理。本文分别说明了袋式除尘器初期运行、正常运行两个阶段的除尘机理。阐述了袋式除尘器维护管理方面需要注意的问题以及必须做好的工作内容,并细化了维护管理内容及维护方案。     

分置式厌氧陶瓷膜生物反应器处理模拟生活污水试验研究

为强化厌氧系统的处理效能,延缓厌氧膜生物反应器膜污染速率,采用分置式厌氧陶瓷膜生物反应器处理模拟生活污水.结果表明:厌氧反应器UASB经过60 d的启动,可实现对模拟生活污水的良好处理,COD去除率超过90%;耦合膜组件运行后,膜出水COD在22.58 mg·L~(-1)左右,COD总去除率平均为95.53%,甲烷日均产量为352 mL·d~(-1),产率最高达到0.11 m~3·kg~(-1);跨膜压差(TMP)达到26.81 kPa时膜污染严重,周期为14 d,反冲洗能够去除膜表面的泥饼层,有效地延长膜污染周期;对混合液及滤饼层中的多糖和蛋白质浓度进行了分析,结果表明,蛋白质是引起膜污染的主要物质.     

水质净化生物滤池工艺的微生物群落特征及运行效果研究

为探讨水质净化生物滤池(生物强化滤池和生物活性炭滤池)工艺的微生物群落特征和运行效果,采用Biolog和PCR-SSCP (单链构象多态性)技术分析生物滤池中的微生物群落代谢功能与结构,测定生物滤池进出水NH⁺₄-N、NO^-₂-N、高锰酸盐指数、UV₂₅₄和BDOC等指标,考察其净水效果. 结果表明,原水经过生物滤池后,出水微生物群落代谢活性显著降低,说明生物滤池截留了原水中的活性微生物. 工艺运行6个月后,2个生物强化滤池中微生物群落代谢特征相似,其碳源利用率分别为73.4%和75.5%. 2个生物活性炭滤池中微生物群落代谢特征存在明显差异,颗粒活性炭生物滤池微生物群落碳源利用率79.6%高于柱状活性炭生物滤池的53.8%(p>＜0.01). PCR-SSCP分析表明各生物滤池微生物群落呈多样性,优势菌群基本一致. 研究还发现,生物强化滤池中的填料对微生物群落结构和代谢功能的影响较小,2种生物强化滤池净水能力无统计学差异(p>＞0.05);而生物活性炭滤池的颗粒活性炭填料有利于微生物群落生长繁殖,微生物群落有较强的代谢活性,其滤池对NH⁺₄-N、高锰酸盐指数、BDOC的去除效果优于柱状活性炭生物滤池(p>＜0.05);这也提示生物滤池运行效果与滤池中微生物群落代谢能力有关.     

频繁矿震下临近建筑物结构疲劳损伤及安全选址研究

为科学规划并有效利用矿区及周边土地资源,以某铁矿爆破作业及临近拟建设项目为研究对象,现场开展振动监测并结合修正后的撒道夫斯基公式得出振动速度等参数;针对单次爆破振动情形,依据不同类型建筑物在寿命周期内可正常使用对应的振动速度,得出爆破振动安全允许距离;针对频繁爆破振动情形,采用ANSYS有限元建模分析频繁爆破振动下建筑...