污泥厌氧消化液中碳酸盐对回收磷的影响

为探讨污泥厌氧消化液中碳酸盐对以磷酸钙盐形式回收磷的影响,以粉煤灰浸出液为钙源,考察了消化液中的碳酸盐对磷回收过程和磷回收产物性质的影响。实验结果表明,在反应pH为10、反应钙磷摩尔比为1.67、反应时间为10 m in的条件下,消化液碳酸盐浓度为2 400 mg/L(以CaCO3计)时,磷的回收率为78.53%,回收产物中磷含量(以P2O5计)为28.93%;对消化液进行盐酸预酸化使pH达到4及以下时,磷回收率接近100%,回收产物中磷含量(以P2O5计)达到43.08%。消化液中碳酸盐的存在易形成碳酸钙沉淀,从而降低了磷回收率、回收产物中磷含量以及回收产品的纯度;预酸化能够有效地去除消化液中的碳酸盐并降低了其对磷回收的不利影响。     

许昌市发制品行业的清洁生产调查

发制品行业是以人发、人造纤维等为原材料进行假发加工的行业。许昌市发制品的生产过程大致可分为两个阶段:漂染和前后处理。漂染过程用水量大,产生的废水难以处理。其中过酸、氧化、染色配置的溶液使用一次后直接排放,不符合清洁生产要求,且所排放的溶液可考虑中和多次利用。漂染过程水资源消耗量大,废水产生量大,没有考虑废水综合利用。按清洁生产的要求在以上环节可通过技术革新和设备改造得以改进。     

Black Disease (Terpios hoshinota): A Probable Cause for the Rapid Coral Mortality at the Northern Reef of Yongxing Island in the South China Sea

The northern reef of Yongxing Island, the largest reef island of the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea, was in good condition with significant cover of scleractinian corals until 2002. Surveys in 2008 and 2010, however, found that coral coverage had declined rapidly and severely, implying that catastrophic coral mortality occurred during the past 8 years. A blackish mat was observed covering live and dead corals in both 2008 and 2010 that was identified as an encrusting sponge, Terpios hoshinota, by special surface morphology and spicule structure. In addition, spicule residues were found on the surface of long-dead corals, indicating a previous invasion of T. hosinota. T. hoshinota is referred to as the "black disease" because it rapidly overgrows and kills corals. Our evidence indicates that outbreaks of black disease are at least partially responsible for the massive coral mortality at the northern reef of Yongxing Island over the past 8 years, although human activities and heat-related coral bleaching cannot be discounted as minor causes for this coral decline.     

草甘膦母液膜分离的电渗析预处理

研究了用电渗析法去除草甘膦母液中影响膜通量的亚磷酸根,主要考察了pH值、工作电压、反应时间和温度等因素对亚磷酸根去除率的影响,并对电渗析预处理后母液纳滤膜分离的膜通量进行实验验证。实验表明：淡化液、浓缩液流量为30 L/h,pH值约为8.1,工作电压为20 V,反应时间为2 h左右,温度〈30℃时,电渗析对母液中亚磷酸...     

Resourceful Utilization of Tannery Wastewater

Leather industry is an important light industry in China.Leather making requires a series of chemical treatment.Degreasing,unhairing and chrome tanning wastewaters are the main portions of tannery wastewater.Reclaiming and reusing these wastewaters can eliminate 80% of COD,75% of BOD,95% of chromium and 93% of sulfuret,furthermore reduce environment impact,decrease treatment costs,save chemicals and water.Some application methods of wastewater reclamation and reuse for different operations were reported.The suitable reclamation and reuse technologies can enable leather making processes more rational,and realize the recovery and recycle of several chemicals in the tannery.Resourceful utilization of tannery wastewater should mate with renovating production technology,updating equipment,and must be guaranteed sufficiently by environmental protection measures.     

乙醇溶析结晶法从白炭黑废母液中回收硫酸钠

以乙醇为溶析剂,通过过滤—中和—蒸馏浓缩—溶析结晶等工序,从白炭黑废母液中回收硫酸钠。考察了硫酸钠回收效果的影响因素,并进行了热能消耗和处理成本的分析。实验结果表明：乙醇的加入量对硫酸钠溶解度和蒸馏浓缩过程有着显著影响;在蒸馏醇水比（乙醇与中性废母液的体积比）为0.27,浓缩废母液中硫酸钠质量浓度为69.27 g/L,溶析醇水比（乙醇与浓缩废母液的体积比）为1的最佳工艺条件下,白炭黑废母液中硫酸钠的一次回收率可达69.94%,硫酸钠产品的纯度达到97.3%。     

异相类Fenton氧化处理T酸废母液的催化剂

为了比较黄铁矿、钛铁矿、磁铁矿、钒钛磁铁矿、零价铁以及亚铁催化双氧水氧化处理T酸废母液的效能,研究了不同体系的催化氧化反应动力学以及pH值变化情况,考察了H2O2投加量、催化剂投加量及循环利用次数的影响.研究结果表明,黄铁矿、钛铁矿催化活性较亚铁离子更好,且受废水pH值变化影响小,T酸废母液TOC去除率高达75％左右,是十分有效的类Fenton反应催化剂.钛铁矿催化活性较黄铁矿好,重复利用5次,TOC去除率依然保持在72％以上,表明钛铁矿有着很好的重复利用性.     

天然气净化厂脱硫装置能耗分析及节能措施探讨

高含硫天然气净化厂需对H2S含量较高的原料气进行处理,溶液循环量大、工艺流程长、公用工程消耗量大、能耗高。通过对天然气净化厂脱硫单元的耗能点及耗能关联因素进行分析,从优化工艺方案、采用先进节能设备、回收可回收的能量、减少工艺过程能量损失等方面,提出了热泵、贫液与半贫液分流工艺及板式换热器在MDEA脱硫单元中的应用及改造措施,详细阐述了各种节能措施的优势及适用条件。充分挖掘天然气净化厂的节能潜力,能够创造良好的经济效益和环境效益。     

响应面法优化CANON工艺处理猪场沼液脱氮性能研究

为了得到全程自养脱氮（completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite,CANON）工艺处理猪场沼液脱氮性能的最佳工艺条件,以处理实际猪场沼液的连续流CANON工艺为研究对象,采用BBD响应面法优化其关键运行参数,探究了HRT（水力停留时间）、温度和进水ρ（NH₄+-N）各因素的交互作用.结果表明:①HRT、温度和进水ρ（NH₄+-N）对反应器脱氮效率均有显著影响,且数学模型拟合度良好,各因素对TN、NH₄+-N去除率的影响程度由强到弱依次为进水ρ（NH₄+-N）> HRT >温度.②通过BBD响应面法获得最佳脱氮条件为HRT 1.35 d、温度34.4℃、进水ρ（NH₄+-N）415 mg/L.在接近响应面优化后的条件下进行验证试验,得到出水ρ（NH₄+-N）平均值为74.68 mg/L,NH₄+-N去除率为83.05%;出水ρ（TN）平均值为108.28 mg/L,TN去除率为73.91%,与模型预测值较接近.研究显示,BBD响应面法能在较少的试验次数下检验影响因素之间的交互作用,可科学地优化CANON工艺处理猪场沼液的脱氮性能.      

CANON工艺处理猪场沼液的启动及微生物种群结构分析

在连续流合建式反应器内接种普通活性污泥,以实际猪场沼液作为进水,保持温度为(30±1)℃,控制低溶解氧(DO浓度为(0.5±0.1)mg·L~(-1)),通过分阶段提高氨氮浓度的方式启动CANON(Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite)工艺,同时采用高通量测序技术对反应器启动前后的微生物种群结构进行分析.结果表明,反应器可在210 d实现成功启动CANON工艺,启动成功后,当猪场沼液进水氨氮浓度为450 mg·L~(-1)时,氨氮和总氮的去除率分别达到69.8%和61.1%;出水(NO_3~--N+NO_2~--N)/ΔNH_4~+接近0.11.同时,CANON工艺启动成功后,微生物种群结构发生了很大的变化:其优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(36.16%)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)(14.22%)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)(11.07%)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)(10.41%)和绿菌门(Chlorobi)(12.82%);与脱氮功能相关的菌属为Candidatus_Brocadia (ANAMMOX菌)、Nitrosomonas(AOB菌)、Comamonadaceae(反硝化菌)和Xanthomonadaceae(反硝化菌)等.