Impact of excess and harmful radiation on energy budgets in scleractinian corals

Using dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory, this paper explores the potential of excess and harmful radiation, notably UV, to cause changes in performance and, ultimately, bleaching in scleractinian corals for a range of ambient nitrogen and (beneficial) photosynthetically active radiation levels. Two negative impacts of radiation are considered: a reduction in the capacity of the symbiont to generate energy through photosynthesis (defined in this paper as photoinhibition); an increase in the costs for the symbiont to remain viable due to repair of damage (defined in this paper as photodamage). Model predictions indicate that although both types of impact reduce the growth potential of host and symbiont, photoinhibition predominantly affects host features, except at very low ambient nitrogen levels, under which conditions the severity of nitrogen limitation is so strong that a reduction in photosynthetic rates due to photoinhibition has minimal impact. In steady state, photoinhibition leads to a reduction in host biomass, and an increase in symbiont density, implying that photoinhibition (as defined in this paper) is unlikely to cause bleaching. In contrast, the impact of photodamage is mostly affecting symbiont features, including a decline in symbiont density. Thus, photodamage may contribute to coral bleaching. Furthermore, the model predicts that, with both photoinhibition and photodamage, an increasing ratio of harmful to beneficial radiation accelerates the suppression of growth rates of symbiont and host, implying that coral health deteriorates progressively faster with increasing harmful radiation, such as UVb.     

甘氨酸母液脱色废活性炭的微波-Fenton试剂氧化法再生

采用微波-Fenton试剂氧化法对甘氨酸母液脱色过程中产生的废活性炭进行再生,考察了废活性炭再生率的影响因素,并用SEM对再生活性炭进行了表征.实验结果表明,在Fenton试剂中n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)为24∶1、H2O2的浓度为25 mmol/L、溶液pH为3、反应温度为55℃、反应时间为18 min、微波功率为600 W时,废活性炭的再生率可达到75.80％.     

PTA废液回收利用技术

介绍了从精对苯二甲酸（PTA）废液中回收醋酸,邻、对苯二甲酸,醋酸钴锰盐的回收工艺。醋酸得率为90％,邻、对苯二甲酸得率为70％,醋酸钴锰盐得率为95％。该技术成熟、合理,具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

用离子交换法从β盐母液中分离1-萘磺酸钠的研究

比较了Ｄ２９０、Ｄ２９６、Ｄ３０１、Ｄ３７０、Ｄ３７２、Ｄ３８０ ６种树脂对β盐母液中１－萘磺酸的静态交换性能,筛选出Ｄ２９６用以回收β盐母液中的１－萘磺酸钠,进行了ＰＨ、接触时间、交换温度等影响因素的条件试验及树脂再生试验,得到１－萘磺酸钠收率８０％以上。     

亚铵法制浆黑液作肥料对水环境影响的研究

通过亚铵法制浆蒸煮黑液直接作农肥施于水稻田的研究,给出了不同施肥方式连续数天田间水和渗滤水中黑液污染物变化情况,定量描述了黑液作肥料直接施于水稻田对水环境的影响。     

碱液预处理玉米秸秆的条件优化及添加剂的选择

利用稀NaOH溶液预处理玉米秸秆,以去除木质素,减少半纤维素、纤维素的损失为目的,采用响应曲面法对预处理条件进行优化,得到的最佳预处理条件为:NaOH溶液浓度0.77%(w/w),预处理时间16 h,温度45.6℃。并且,进一步研究了不同添加剂(聚乙二醇、吐温-80和尿素)与NaOH溶液协同作用下秸秆中木质素的去除效果,结果表明尿素与NaOH的混合溶液对木质素去除效果最显著。秸秆在45.6℃,0.77%NaOH和0.2%尿素混合溶液中浸泡16 h后,纤维素回收率为86.33%,半纤维素回收率为69.89%,木质素去除率为64.93%;与原秸秆相比,纤维素含量提高了31.70%,半纤维素含量提高了6.62%,木质素含量减少了46.48%。     

苇浆造纸黑液的Fenton预处理研究

采用Fenton试剂预处理高浓度苇浆造纸黑液,经正交设计得出各因素对黑液COD去除率的影响顺序为:pH＞[H2O2]＞[Fe2 ]＞反应时间.确定最佳操作条件为:初始pH=4、[H2O2]=0.088 mol/L、[Fe2 ]=14.39 mmol/L、反应40 min,此条件下废水COD去除率可达80%以上,色度及浊度去除率达96%.动力学表明:Fenton试剂预处理高浓度苇浆造纸黑液的表观过程近似符合一级反应规律.废水经处理后可生化性指标BOD/COD平均从0.303升高到0.558.     

木聚糖酶在硫酸盐木浆辅助漂白中的应用研究

结合某木浆厂的实际运行数据,对采用木聚糖酶辅助漂白前后的木浆质量、主要物料消耗量及产生废水的污染物指标进行了详细分析.结果表明,在工艺运行参数不变条件下,使用木聚糖酶辅助漂白能够显著提高生产纸浆质量等级,降低原木、二氧化氯和能源消耗量,减轻漂后废水的污染负荷,对于降低纸浆生产成本,保护水环境具有重要意义.     

高含水油泥调质脱稳用剂

高含水油泥主要来自于页岩气田、油气田和炼厂的污水处理场（站）,含水率一般高达90%以上,成分复杂、乳化严重,是性质稳定的多相体系。破胶脱稳是高含水油泥处理处置与利用的前提,也是减量化的瓶颈,其核心是调质脱稳用剂的优选。介绍了高含水油泥的性质及调质脱稳的原理和方法,阐述了高含水油泥调质脱稳用剂的研究及应用现状,总结了助滤剂、氧化剂、电解质、破乳剂、絮凝剂和微乳化剂等常用药剂的调质机理、适应范围、研究实例和优缺点,并提出了调质脱稳用剂未来的发展方向。