粉末涂料环境试验的重要性及方法

粉末涂料喷涂上工件后,涂层即被赋予了一定的物理化学性能,这些性能在外部自然环境中,经过一段时间会发生哪些变化,涂层最终失去效用要多长时间,哪些因素对涂层的破坏性最强等等,这些都是大家非常关注的。本文简单讨论了粉末涂料环境试验的重要性,介绍了一些实际应用中环境试验的方法及其评级标准。     

絮凝和生化一体化反应器处理纸浆漂白废水

絮凝、厌氧酸化、生物接触氧化一体化反应器处理造纸制浆含氯漂白废水研究表明,在水力停留时间为１５ｈ 时,ＣＯＤ总去除率达８３．９％ ,毒性去除率９２％ ． ＧＣ－ＭＳ、超滤实验结果表明：原废水污染物是以氯代酚为主的氯代有机物,其中毒性物质主要来源于相对分子质量小于１０００的低分子物质． 絮凝单元去除的主要是大分子氯代有机物,厌氧单元通过还原脱氯及酸性水解,氯代有机物得到了基本的去除． 好氧单元对ＣＯＤ有较高的去除率,低分子量的酸性组分和烷烃类明显增加,表明污染物得到了进一步的氧化降解．     

Comparing environmental influences on coral bleaching across and within species using clustered binomial regression

Differential susceptibility among reef-building coral species can lead to community shifts and loss of diversity as a result of temperature-induced mass bleaching events. We evaluate environmental influences on coral colony bleaching over an 8-year period in the Florida Keys, USA. Clustered binomial regression is used to develop models incorporating taxon-specific responses to the environment in order to identify conditions and species for which bleaching is likely to be severe. By building three separate models incorporating environment, community composition, and taxon-specific responses to environment, we show observed prevalence of bleaching reflects an interaction between community composition and local environmental conditions. Environmental variables, including elevated sea temperature, solar radiation, and reef depth, explained 90% and 78% of variability in colony bleaching across space and time, respectively. The effects of environmental variables were only partially explained (33% of variability) by corresponding differences in community composition. Taxon-specific models indicated individual coral species responded differently to local environmental conditions and had different sensitivities to temperature-induced bleaching. For many coral species, but not all, bleaching was exacerbated by high solar radiation. A 25% reduction in the probability of bleaching in shallow locations for one species may reflect an ability to acclimatize to local conditions. Overall, model results indicate predictions of coral bleaching require knowledge of not just the environmental conditions or community composition, but the responses of individual species to the environment. Model development provides a useful tool for coral reef management by quantifying the influence of the local environment on individual species bleaching sensitivities, identifying susceptible species, and predicting the likelihood of mass bleaching events with changing environmental conditions.     

微生物絮凝剂的研究进展及应用现状

絮凝（混凝）技术是一种既经济、简便又最普遍使用的处理方法。目前,研制高效无毒的絮凝剂成为环境科学与工程领域中的重要内容。介绍微生物絮凝剂在环境中的应用优势以及国内外对微生物絮凝剂的应用现状,论述其在印染废水、啤酒废水、味精废水和淀粉废水中的应用,并提出今后微生物絮凝剂的发展前景及方向。     

镍铁合金/铁包云母粉复合吸波涂层材料的频散特性

目的探究不同质量分数配比的镍铁合金/铁包云母粉复合吸波涂层材料的频散特性。方法利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察镍铁合金和铁包云母粉的微观形貌,并使用仪器附带的能谱分析仪对样品所选区域的各元素含量进行测量。用矢量网络分析仪研究了不同质量分数下的镍铁合金/石蜡、铁包云母粉/石蜡同轴样品的介电常数与磁导率。用弓形法测试在2~18 GHz频段内镍铁合金和铁包云母粉以不同质量比加入环氧树脂-聚酰胺体系中制备的不同厚度的单层吸波涂层的反射损耗。结果镍铁合金频散特性较好,对电磁波损耗较大,将其作为吸波涂层的填料,减少吸收剂的用量同时降低了涂层的厚度。铁包云母粉的介电常数的实部较低,与自由空间的阻抗匹配较好,拓宽了吸波频带。镍铁合金和铁包云母粉作为填料,以质量分数30%/30%制备厚度1.2 mm的单层吸波涂层,在2~18 GHz其最小反射值达到了-21.8 d B,小于-10 d B的带宽达到10.5 GHz。结论镍铁合金与铁包云母粉以合适质量比复合,制备的吸波涂层材料厚度薄、吸波频带宽。     

染料废水的X射线粉末衍射分析

染料生产过程的废水，其中含有致癌，致畸的有毒物质，通常需经生化处理后才排放，但生化处理并不能使其毒性消除骀尽，所以对处理后排放废水的进一步分析是当今环保分析中的一个重要课题，分光光度法，高压液相色谱及色－质联用仪是作微量分析的常用方法，但难以分析难挥发物和悬浮物，我们尝试用Ｘ射线粉末衍射分析法对分离废水得到的固态难挥发物作了分析，证明此法准确，快捷，可推广，但对胶状物或含量过低的物质则不适用。     

X射线鉴定绿泥石方法及其意义

X衍射分析可以获得由绿泥石成分变化引起的结构细微变化的信息,进而可鉴定其种类。作者采用这一手段,鉴定了取自皖、浙、赣、新疆地区不同产状(变质岩、火山岩、侵入岩)的21个绿泥石样品的种类,它们全部属三八亚族绿泥石,以过渡绿泥石为主,种类有蠕绿泥石、圆柱绿泥石、透绿泥石,并提出了X射线两峰法鉴定三八亚族绿泥石的初步意见。     

RPC200人行道板抗弯承载力试验研究

笔者对铁路桥梁用空心无配筋活性粉末混凝土人行道板进行了抗弯试验研究 ,探讨了其受力变形性能。分析表明 :活性粉末混凝土人行道板的安全系数均大于 2 ,满足承载能力要求 ;位移延性系数均大于 3.5 ,具有良好的延性性能 ,破坏形式属于延性破坏。该类人行道板的成果已通过铁道部专家的鉴定 ,拟用于青藏铁路桥梁实际工程中。     

Studies on the mechanism of PCDD/PCDF formation during the bleaching of pulp

Laboratory bleaching experiments were performed to investigate PCDD/PCDF formation mechanisms. The results indicated that there were two (or more) mechanisms; direct chlorination of DBD/DBF and formation from precursors which are not extractable. In general, PCDDs/PCDFs are formed in the C stage but some minor isomers were found to be formed in the E stage.     

饮用水源突发挥发酚污染应急处理中试研究

通过为期2个月规模为4m3·h-1的中试试验,考察了常规给水工艺(混凝、沉淀和过滤)对突发挥发酚污染原水的处理情况.重点考察了活性炭吸附、臭氧预氧化和高锰酸钾预氧化等3种应急工艺的除酚效能.结果表明,常规混凝沉淀对挥发酚的去除率低于10%,砂滤在12h内可起到拦截挥发酚的作用,3种应急工艺均可提高挥发酚的去除效果,起到应急的作用.其中活性炭吸附对挥发酚的去除率可达44%;在0.5mg·L-1的投量下高锰酸钾预氧化可达到50%的除酚效率;臭氧预氧化可使沉淀出水挥发酚达标(0.002mg·L-1),挥发酚去除率约99%.