Removal of methylene blue by coupling black carbon adsorption with TiO2 photodegradation

In this study, the removal of methylene blue (MB) by the coupling of black carbon (BC) and TiO₂ was investigated. The effects of different parameters such as catalyst dose, sorbent, initial concentrations of dye, pH of the solutions, recycles on discoloration, and chemical oxidation demand (COD) reduction of MB were monitored to optimize the reaction conditions. The discoloration and COD conversation rate of MB obtained by the coupling process were 100% after 90?min irradiation. The synergistic effect of MB-adsorption on BC followed by degradation through TiO₂ photocatalysis was proved by FT–IR spectrophotometer. The BC as by-product of natural materials is a promising adsorbent for waste water treatment.     

二氧化钛改性油页岩渣对水溶液中亚甲基蓝和六价铬的吸附

以油页岩渣及其二氧化钛改性材料为吸附剂,探究它们去除水溶液中亚甲基蓝和六价铬的能力.通过实验,控制溶液的pH值、温度、初始浓度和接触时间,观察吸附效果变化特征,研究其动力学和热力学性能.实验表明,改性油页岩渣吸附亚甲基蓝和六价铬的吸附率是未改性的2—3倍,且改性油页岩渣对亚甲基蓝的吸附率可达97%,对六价铬的吸附率不到25%.吸附亚甲基蓝时,pH值越大,吸附效果越好;而吸附六价铬时,最适pH值为4.改性油页岩渣吸附亚甲基蓝实验符合准二阶动力学方程,计算得反应活化能为13.29 kJ.mol-1,表明此过程主要是物理吸附.在热力学方面,由范特霍夫方程计算得ΔG〈0、ΔH〉0,表明此过程自发吸热,可见此过程还伴有化学吸附.Langmuir和Freundlich等温模型拟合结果表明,Langmuir模型数据拟合甚佳,R2=0.9999,说明改性油页岩渣吸附亚甲基蓝是单分子层吸附.二氧化钛改性油页岩渣经7次回收利用后,对亚甲基蓝的吸附效果仅减少约1.5%.     

特异性功能光和细菌克制蓝藻水华——对光合细菌抑制蓝藻生长的探讨

分析了蓝藻水华暴发的条件,详细论述了特异性功能光合细菌在蓝藻水华覆盖面治理、蓝藻水华未暴发前治理、内污染源底泥治理、点面源污水治理方面取得的试验成果,并结合对特异性光合细菌的分解技术路线和使用性能的分析得出结论：EPSB生物制剂完全可靠,不存在二次污染,使用投资省、运行费用低。     

纳米TiO2/硅藻土光催化降解蒽醌染料废水的研究

为提高光催化剂的稳定性,选取硅藻土为载体,以钛酸四异丙酯为前驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/硅藻土光催化剂,并利用XRD、SEM、FT-IR等技术对其进行表征.以蒽醌染料弱酸性艳蓝RAW为目标降解物,考察了TiO2/硅藻土的光催化活性、最佳pH值范围及催化剂重复使用对光催化活性的影响.结果表明,所制备的TiO2为锐钛矿和金红石混晶型,平均粒径11nm,通过控制硅藻土加入量可以得到负载均匀的光催化剂.所制备的TiO2/硅藻土具有较强的光催化活性,对弱酸性艳蓝RAW的降解效果好于商品Degussa P25型TiO2,最佳pH值为4.0.该催化剂性质稳定,重复使用15次后,催化活性仅降低12.4%.     

钛基IrO2-RuO2阳极电解处理亚甲基蓝溶液

采用钛基IrO2-RuO2为阳极材料,不锈钢为阴极材料,NaCl质量浓度为10 g/L的溶液为电解液,对亚甲基蓝溶液进行电化学处理。实验结果表明:处理初始质量浓度为25 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液,电解电流0.050 A,电解20 min后亚甲基蓝去除率达95%;处理初始质量浓度为100 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液,电解电流0.100 A,电解30 min后亚甲基蓝去除率达98%。随着电解时间和电解电流的增加,亚甲基蓝去除率均增大。     

乳化液膜法提取活性艳蓝KN-R工艺研究

利用表面活性剂TH-1、民用煤油、载体N235和内水相NaOH溶液组成的液膜体系,采用正交试验法,对提取活性艳蓝KN-R工艺进行了研究。结果表明:以5%TH-1,5%N235,10%NaOH,油内比Roi为1∶1.5的乳状液膜体系,处理初始浓度为6000mg/L活性艳蓝KN-R废水,在pH值为1,传质温度为25℃,乳水比Rew为1∶5的传质条件下,提取率可达94.8%。     

Translating the 10 golden rules of reforestation for coral reef restoration

Efforts are accelerating to protect and restore ecosystems globally. With trillions of dollars in ecosystem services at stake, no clear framework exists for developing or prioritizing approaches to restore coral reefs even as efforts and investment opportunities to do so grow worldwide. Restoration may buy time for climate change mitigation, but it lacks rigorous guidance to meet objectives of scalability and effectiveness. Lessons from restoration of terrestrial ecosystems can and should be rapidly adopted for coral reef restoration. We propose how the 10 golden rules of effective forest restoration can be translated to accelerate efforts to restore coral reefs based on established principles of resilience, management, and local stewardship. We summarize steps to undertake reef restoration as a management strategy in the context of the diverse ecosystem service values that coral reefs provide. Outlining a clear blueprint is timely as more stakeholders seek to undertake restoration as the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration begins.     

黑碳吸附亚甲基蓝染料废水的行为研究

文章研究了黑碳吸附亚甲基蓝的动力学和热力学特性,探讨了温度、初始浓度、溶液pH值及转速等因素对吸附过程的影响。结果表明,吸附过程符合二级动力吸附方程,颗粒内扩散过程是影响吸附速率的主要控制步骤。用Freundlich方程能够更好地对吸附等温线进行拟合;吸附热力学研究表明:△H>0,说明吸附为吸热过程;△G<0,说明吸附质倾向于从溶液中吸附到吸附剂表面,反应过程是自发进行的;△S>0,说明固/液相界面上分子运动更为混乱。     

微波辐射处理活性艳蓝KN-R染料溶液的研究

在活性炭存在下微波照射能使活性艳蓝KN－R溶液迅速脱色，每g活性炭处理浓度为300mg／L的活性艳蓝KN－R溶液50mL，微波辐射4min脱色率达97．1％。     

氧化石墨烯对亚甲基蓝和铜离子的共吸附行为研究

氧化石墨烯(GO)具有高比表面积和丰富的含氧官能团,表面存在着大量的吸附点位,被认为是去除水体污染物的高效吸附剂,而其在有机物-重金属复合污染环境中的吸附行为却鲜有报道.因此,本文采用改良Hummers法制备出GO,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线衍射(XRD)等物理表征方法对GO的形貌结构和表面官能团进行了表征.随后,侧重研究了GO对有机物及重金属污染物的单独和共吸附行为,选取亚甲基蓝(MB)与Cu(Ⅱ)作为复合污染水体的特征污染物,探讨了不同浓度Cu(Ⅱ)对MB及不同浓度MB对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附性能的影响.结果表明,不同类型的污染物单独存在时,GO对MB和Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附量分别为29.13和424.16mg·g-1;而当上述两种污染物共存时,GO对MB和Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附性能均明显下降,这说明MB与Cu(Ⅱ)在GO表面的吸附点位存在着竞争吸附关系,并且MB对Cu(Ⅱ)吸附的抑制作用明显高于Cu(Ⅱ)对MB吸附的影响.