青藏高原纳木错流域水体总汞的时空分布特征

为研究青藏高原纳木错流域水体中总汞的时空分布特征,于2007～2010年对纳木错湖表层水及入湖河水进行了采样,检测了其总汞浓度,并分析了总汞浓度与降水量、河水径流量等的关系.结果表明,纳木错表层湖水和河水中的总汞质量浓度均值分别为(1.09±0.73)ng.L-1和(2.87±2.59)ng.L-1,显著低于受到汞污染的水体.近岸带湖水的总汞浓度在季风期远大于非季风期,而其浓度水平和空间变化明显大于湖心区.河水的总汞浓度季节变化明显,表现为季风盛期最高且波动最大,而季风期后最低,这与降水量变化趋势基本一致.对你亚曲的定点观测表明,河水总汞浓度的时间变化与径流量一致.入湖河流总汞浓度的空间分布特征在不同的时间表现不同,这可能是由河流的流域面积、流域内土壤汞本底值及补给方式的差异引起的.     

考虑脉动压力相关性的自由体随机振动分析

目的获得自由体在脉动压力载荷作用下的结构响应。方法采用有限元方法,建立锥壳自由体结构的随机振动分析有限元模型,根据自由体的脉动压力载荷和随机振动分析理论,计算自由体在脉动压力下的加速度响应均方根值。结果载荷为一定程度相关时的计算结果在完全相关和不相关之间,最小相差约15%,最大相差约50%。结论在进行自由体结构脉动压力下的响应分析时,载荷间的相关性是不能忽略的,分区加载可改善计算精度。     

石家庄市春季景观水体nirS型反硝化细菌群落特征分析

选取石家庄市主城区4个典型景观水体作为研究对象,在对水体水质特征分析的基础上,运用Illumina高通量测序技术对景观水体中的nir S型反硝化细菌种群结构和多样性进行测定,探究春季景观水体水质与nir S型反硝化细菌群落的相互关系.结果表明,4个景观水体中氮素含量为4. 43～13. 83 mg·L-1,氮素污染较严重;基于三维荧光光谱的特征指数分析,4个景观水体均呈现出较强的自生源及弱腐殖质特征; Illumina高通量测序结果表明,不同景观水体中nir S型反硝化细菌大多为变形菌门,在优势菌属上差异显著; unclassified_Bacteria(53. 52%)、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)(60. 48%)和红杆菌属(Rhodobacter)(46. 94%)分别为裕西、水上和长安公园水体中的优势菌属,unclassified_Bacteria(36. 19%)和unclassified_Proteobacteria(23. 44%)为世纪公园水体中的优势菌属;冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,裕西公园反硝化细菌主要受硝氮、总氮和溶解氧的影响,水上公园反硝化细菌受总磷的影响较大,长安公园反硝化细菌主要受氨氮和亚硝氮的影响,世纪公园反硝化受总磷、亚硝氮和氨氮的影响较大.综上表明,春季不同景观水体的水质以及nir S型反硝化细菌的群落结构差异显著,通过开展景观水体水质、反硝化群落以及影响因素的研究,有助于对城市水系的水质特征以及反硝化群落结构的认识,对基于该水质特征的高效反硝化菌剂的研发具有指导意义.     

Enrichment of thermophilic and mesophilic microbial consortia for efficient degradation of corn stalk

Six different environmental samples were applied to enrich microbial consortia for efficient degradation of corn stalk,under the thermophilic and mesophilic conditions.The consortium obtained from anaerobic digested sludge under thermophilic condition(TC-Y)had the highest lignocellulose-degrading activity.The CO_2yield was 246.73 m L/g VS in23 days,meanwhile,the maximum CO_2production rate was 15.48 mL/(CO_2·d),which was28.75%and 52.27%higher than that under mesophilic condition,respectively.The peak value of cellulase activity reached 0.105 U/mL,which was at least 34.61%higher than the other groups.In addition,49.5%of corn stalk was degraded in 20 days,moreover,the degradation ratio of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin can reach 52.76%,62.45%and42.23%,respectively.Microbial consortium structure analysis indicated that the TC-Y contained the phylum of Gemmatimonadetes,Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi,Planctomycetes,Firmicutes,and Proteobacteria.Furthermore,the Pseudoxanthomonas belonging to GammaProteobacteria might be the key bacterial group for the lignocellulose degradation.These results indicated the capability of degrading un-pretreated corn stalk and the potential for further investigation and application of TC-Y.     

多功能型城市人工湿地水体汞分布特征及其量变分析

以重庆某集接纳生活污水处理厂出水、水质净化、休闲娱乐为一体的城市湿地公园为研究对象,根据水流流向设点采样,分析了湿地公园内污水处理区、湖泊深度净化区中总汞(THg)和甲基汞(MeHg)的分布特征,并探讨了其源汇关系.结果表明,污水处理区出水THg质量浓度范围为1. 98～38. 03 ng·L~(-1)[平均值为(9. 10±5. 84) ng·L~(-1)],出水MeHg质量浓度范围为0. 09～0. 84 ng·L~(-1)[平均值为(0. 34±0. 08) ng·L~(-1)];湖泊深度净化区THg质量浓度范围为0. 37～85. 69 ng·L~(-1)[平均值为(6. 76±2. 29) ng·L~(-1)],MeHg质量浓度范围为0. 04～1. 47 ng·L~(-1)[平均值为(0. 35±0. 17) ng·L~(-1)],人为活动对汞浓度的干扰较为明显.水体总汞、甲基汞垂直分布规律具有一致性,均表现出表层深层.通过物料衡算,表明该湿地系统水体总汞每年降低155. 50 g,水体甲基汞每年降低1. 65 g,对下游水体具有保护作用.     

Test of Firefighter’s Turnout Gear in Hot and Humid Air Exposure

Five students of a rescue training school cycled at 50 W for 20 min at 20 °C before walking at 5 km/hr up to 30 min in a climatic chamber at 55 °C and 30% relative humidity. 4 different types of clothing ensembles differing in terms of thickness and thermal insulation value were tested on separate days. All subjects completed 28–30 min in light clothing, but quit after 20–27 min in 3 firefighter ensembles due to a rectal temperature of 39 °C or subjective fatigue. No difference in the evolution of mean skin or rectal temperature was seen for the 3 turnout ensembles. Sweat production amounted to about 1000 g in the turnout gears of which less than 20% evaporated. It was concluded that the small differences between the turnout gears in terms of design, thickness and insulation value had no effect on the resulting heat physiological strain for the given experimental conditions.     

The Northern Mole Vole: Is It a Hibernator?

Based on the results of long-term field studies (1980–1997) and published data on the ecology of the northern mole vole (Ellobius talpinusPall.), it is assumed that these animals living in the Southern Urals and the Transural region do hibernate. The factors that cause their hibernation (freezing of the ground, the resultant unavailability of food, and hypoxia), some indirect evidence for hibernation (the cessation of tooth root growth from autumn to spring and a long life span), and characteristic signs of the preparation for hibernation (a decrease in body weight and an increase in liver weight) are considered. A hypothetical scheme of the active and dormant periods is proposed.     

大型水生植物修复重金属污染水体研究进展

重金属污染水体的修复是一项艰巨的工程,以往的物理及化学修复不仅投资巨大而且效果不甚理想,而利用水生植物修复重金属污染水体是一种低廉有效的处理方法。文章综述了利用大型水生植物植物修复重金属水体的研究进展,重点阐述了4种生活型水生植物(挺水、漂浮、浮叶和沉水)对重金属的蓄积效果;并对植物修复重金属污染水体的影响因素如植物生活型、生物量、株龄以及重金属的类型、初始浓度和水体的理化性质等进行了讨论。最后,对利用组织培养技术进行植物筛选、利用基因工程技术使水生植物对重金属具有超蓄积能力、水生植物修复重金属污染水体机理机制研究以及应用多种类型植物的组合研究等方面进行了展望,并且提出了水生植物修复重金属污染水体的实际工程应用中需要注意的问题。     

黄尾密鲴在苏州重污染水体放养试验研究

采用生物操作技术,在苏州重污染河道里放养黄尾密鲴以改善重污染水体水质。不仅进行了静态试验,而且在苗家河开展了示范区研究。结果表明:黄尾密鲴单位体重(g-1)的好氧量为0.339mg/(L·h),窒息点仅为0.25mg/L;黄尾密鲴在浮圈中主要摄食悬浮有机物,其占食物总量的79.74%;静态试验和现场试验均表明黄尾密鲴24h都在摄食,日食率可达到50%以上。     

玉米秸秆发酵浸出液模拟废水发酵产氢的放大实验研究

在20L的半连续流发酵罐中,以牛粪堆肥为产氢菌源,按照玉米秸秆发酵浸出液的主要成份配制模拟废水,考察和分析了几个关键环境因素对发酵产氢的影响。结果表明,HRT、C/N、Fe2+浓度和模拟废水浓度对发酵产氢均有不同程度的影响。在本实验条件下,秸秆模拟废水的氢产量、氢浓度和产氢速率分别为11.80mol/kg、56%和8.81L/(L?d),底物转化率大于90%,废水中COD去除率为39.40%。在整个发酵产氢过程,液相主要发酵副产物为丁酸、乙酸和丙酸以及少量的乙醇和丁醇。