Effect of elevated tropospheric ozone on methane and nitrous oxide emission from rice soil in north India

Physiological changes in crop plants in response to the elevated tropospheric ozone (O₃) may alter N and C cycles in soil. This may also affect the atmosphere-biosphere exchange of radiatively important greenhouse gases (GHGs), e.g. methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) from soil. A study was carried out during July to November of 2007 and 2008 in the experimental farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to assess the effects of elevated tropospheric ozone on methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice (Oryza sativa L.) soil. Rice crop was grown in open top chambers (OTC) under elevated ozone (EO), non-filtered air (NF), charcoal filtered air (CF) and ambient air (AA). Seasonal mean concentrations of O₃ were 4.3 ± 0.9, 26.2 ± 1.9, 59.1 ± 4.2 and 27.5 ± 2.3 ppb during year 2007 and 5.9 ± 1.1, 37.2 ± 2.5, 69.7 ± 3.9 and 39.2 ± 1.8 ppb during year 2008 for treatments CF, NF, EO and AA, respectively. Cumulative seasonal CH₄ emission reduced by 29.7% and 40.4% under the elevated ozone (EO) compared to the non-filtered air (NF), whereas the emission increased by 21.5% and 16.7% in the charcoal filtered air (CF) in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Cumulative seasonal emission of N₂O ranged from 47.8 mg m⁻² in elevated ozone to 54.6 mg m⁻² in charcoal filtered air in 2007 and from 46.4 to 62.1 mg m⁻² in 2008. Elevated ozone reduced grain yield by 11.3% and 12.4% in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Global warming potential (GWP) per unit of rice yield was the least under elevated ozone levels. Dissolved organic C content of soil was lowest under the elevated ozone treatment. Decrease in availability of substrate i.e., dissolved organic C under elevated ozone resulted in a decline in GHG emissions. Filtration of ozone from ambient air increased grain yield and growth parameters of rice and emission of GHGs.     

水泵系统噪声与振动控制

从水泵系统振动噪声传播途径控制的角度,着重分析了水泵机座二次隔振系统、水泵接管隔振、隔振系统位移限制、管道支架减振、管道穿墙隔振、管道阻尼隔声包扎等水泵系统振动固体传递途径的控制,消除与建筑结构之间的刚性连接。分析了振动噪声空气传播的阻隔与吸收。     

我国茶叶主产区有机肥重金属含量现状

调查分析我国茶叶主产区有机肥重金属含量可以为有机肥的安全使用提供指导,从而保障茶园土壤和茶叶质量安全.对2017~2019年期间收集的茶园施用的有机肥样品中的重金属含量进行了分析,并对不同种类有机肥的施用风险进行了测算.结果表明,我国茶叶主产区有机肥中ω（As）、ω（Hg）、ω（Pb）、ω（Cd）、ω（Cr）、ω（Cu）、ω（Zn）和ω（Ni）的平均含量分别为4.60、0.22、27.1、0.78、27.9、58.3、250.1和16.3 mg ·kg^-1.依据NY/T 525-2021中的评价标准,采集的有机肥样品中As、Hg、Pb、Cd和Cr超标率分别为6.19%、1.33%、4.42%、4.42%和1.33%.从不同地区看,陕西、江苏、安徽、福建和广西的有机肥合格率100%,山东、浙江、湖北、四川、云南和广东的有机肥合格率在80%~90%,而江西茶园施用的有机肥合格率仅54.5%.从不同来源看,有机肥合格率在菜籽饼肥、大豆饼肥和猪粪肥中为100%,羊粪肥95.8%、牛粪肥91.7%、鸡粪肥90.7%、其它动物类有机肥87.2%、动植物混合源类有机肥82.4%、其它植物类有机肥65.2%、其它类有机肥63.6%.根据推荐施用量估算,施用猪粪肥、牛粪肥、鸡粪肥和羊粪肥的土壤重金属累积速率将远超施用菜籽饼肥和大豆饼肥,动物源有机肥是植物源有机肥平均累积速率的7~30倍.因此,茶园上施用有机肥,建议选用菜籽饼肥和大豆饼肥,另一方面,对风险较高地区应加强监测,以降低土壤和茶叶重金属累积风险.     

障碍物对气体爆炸压力场影响数值模拟

气体爆炸是工业生产和生活领域中爆炸灾害的主要形式之一,研究障碍物对管道内可燃气体爆炸的影响规律具有十分重要的现实意义。运用计算流体动力学软件AutoReaGas,定量地研究了障碍物阻塞率、个数等因素对管道中预混乙炔/空气混和物爆炸压力场的影响规律。计算结果表明,障碍物的个数和阻塞比对管道内乙炔气体爆炸峰值超压均有显著影响。本文的研究结果对于预防和控制气体爆炸灾害有一定的借鉴作用。     

Behaviour of endosulfan in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.)

Residue levels of endosulfan were determined in cabbage heads after being sprayed with a formulation containing the insecticide and upon storage at room temperature (15–27°C) and in a refrigerator (2–5°C). The half-life was calculated to be 4.8 and 5.5 days. Peeling removed the residues by 92%. Similarly, washing and washing followed by cooking removed 72% and 97% residue in cabbage stored at room temperature. These treatments were slightly less effective for samples stored in a refrigerator. Household processes such as peeling, washing, and washing followed by cooking should be regular practice before the vegetables are used.     

武钢75t/h锅炉省煤器管泄漏原因分析和对策

通过对省煤器泄漏原因进行分析,得出造成泄漏的主要原因是由于近期锅炉燃料配比改变导致锅炉实际燃烧工况发生了变化,使省煤器沸腾度超过设计值,由此在省煤器蛇形管弯头和汽包布水管内壁产生汽水冲刷,使管壁减薄,最终爆开。采用减少锅炉省煤器管换热面积,降低省煤器沸腾度,并同时对汽包布水管缩径,增加锅炉给水在水平管道流速的方法,彻底消除了焦耐锅炉省煤器频繁泄漏现象,保障了3台锅炉安全连续运行。     

全程自养脱氮耦合反硝化除磷的启动及稳定运行

采用改进型ABR-MBR反应器,接种普通活性污泥,以氨氮为200 mg·L~(-1)、C/N=1的人工配水为处理对象,研究全程自养脱氮耦合反硝化除磷一体式工艺的启动及其脱氮除磷效能.控制反应器运行条件:温度为(25±1)℃,pH=7. 5±0. 2,回流比由50%逐步提升至200%.结果表明,ABR厌氧阶段消耗70%COD,使得在低DO、高氨氮下能够21 d内快速启动部分亚硝化;随后以间歇曝气(曝停比:2 h∶2 h,DO为0. 3～0. 4 mg·L~(-1))的运行方式在132 d内成功启动耦合工艺内的CANON部分,使得ABR缺氧段的电子受体中硝酸盐氮浓度稳步上升,最终于160 d成功启动耦合工艺.稳定运行后,MBR内TN去除负荷达到0. 22 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1),出水各项指标COD、TN和PO_4~(3-)-P去除率分别为87. 0%、90. 4%和81. 8%.批次试验估算ABR内以硝酸氮盐为电子受体的PAOs约占PAOs的68%,系统内已培育出相互适应协作的DPAOs、AOB和An AOB菌种,具有良好同步脱氮除磷效果.     

燃烧油品的沸溢特性分析研究

分析了油罐火灾中燃烧油品的沸溢现象,阐述了沸溢发生的条件,研究了沸溢时火焰的热辐射强度,研究表明沸溢时火焰温度平均升高300℃左右,火焰平均热辐射强度是沸溢发生前的2.5～3倍.     

武汉市与西安市颗粒物PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)的污染水平分析

利用武汉、西安两市2013年PM10与PM2.5的监测数据,统计分析了武汉市和西安市PM10与PM2.5的污染水平,并比较了两城市的污染水平。根据GB 3095—2012《中华人民共和国环境空气质量标准》规定的二级浓度限值,可知武汉市和西安市PM2.5的污染都非常严重,PM10的污染相对较轻。从整体上说,西安市的污染水平要比武汉市严重,其中西安市PM10中PM2.5约占79%。武汉市和西安市的相关部门都应重视PM10和PM2.5的污染问题。