Beyond the mean: Understanding firm‐level consequences of variability in diversity climate perceptions

We develop and test an organizational‐level model of the consequences of diversity climate for company performance. Drawing from affective events theory and the organizational climate literature, we highlight the role of idiosyncrasies in employees' diversity climate perceptions. Specifically, we consider diversity climate strength (i.e., agreement in employees' climate perceptions) as a boundary condition of diversity climate's organizational‐level effects and expect high climate strength to be particularly beneficial in demographically diverse organizations. Moreover, we introduce collective positive affect as an underlying mechanism of diversity climate's conditional effects on company performance. Hypotheses are tested in a study of 82 German small‐and‐medium‐sized companies with 13,695 surveyed employees. Results show a moderated mediation relationship where diversity climate is only positively related to organizational performance (via collective positive affect) at relatively high diversity climate strength. Although this finding holds for both demographically diverse and homogeneous organizations, post hoc analyses provide initial evidence that a strong climate only helps to realize the effects of diversity climate on collective positive affect when members of age‐ and gender‐related demographic subgroups converge in their climate perceptions. Our study contributes to a better understanding of diversity climate as an effective lever for managing diversity.     

中国应急产业政策目标、工具、力度的三维分析——基于2002年以来政策文本的量化研究

应急产品与服务的准公共物品属性带来的应急产业市场失灵以及由此导致应急保障需求供给系统失灵是政府制定应急产业政策、进行应急产业干预的重要原因。对产业政策文本进行科学分析,有助于科学合理制定应急产业政策,有效解决失灵问题;通过构建政策目标、工具和力度三维分析框架,从7个一级测量维度,38个二级指标对应急产业政策进行3个维度交叉分析。研究结果表明:在政策目标上需加强应急人才及应急服务等“软实力”的发掘、利用和激励;在政策措施上需通过顶层设计来改善政策工具的不均衡和系统性缺乏等问题,加强诱导和激励工具的投入;针对各层级政策效力分布呈现出的干预适度性不够的问题,提出进一步完善产业发展的法律保障、奖惩机制。     

污泥灰-水泥胶凝体系的力学性能及微观分析

利用造纸污泥灰和生活污泥灰替代部分水泥制备胶凝材料,研究了污泥灰掺量对污泥灰-水泥胶凝体系力学性能的影响,采用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜和能谱分析手段对胶凝体系水化产物的矿物组成、化学结构及微观形貌进行研究。结果表明,随着污泥灰掺量增加,胶凝体系抗压强度不断降低,当污泥灰掺量超过40%,试样3 d抗压强度比小于5%。当水泥掺量一定,提高造纸污泥灰的掺加比例有利于胶凝体系早期强度的增长,生活污泥灰可有效提高试样后期强度,但掺量不宜过多。随造纸污泥灰掺量提高,水化产物中氢氧化钙和C—S—H凝胶生成量增大,氢氧化钙晶体由片状发育为板状,紧紧包裹于C—S—H凝胶层状结构中,造纸污泥灰中含有的文石型Ca CO3晶体具有较高的力学强度,可桥接于水化试样微观裂隙两侧,阻碍裂隙的扩展,进而提高胶凝体系的力学强度。     

基于ISOA-RBPNN的埋地管道剩余强度预测*

为提高腐蚀管道剩余强度的预测精度,提出引入弹性梯度下降法改进BP神经网络,并融合改进海鸥优化算法(ISOA),构建腐蚀管道剩余强度预测模型。关于改进BP神经网络模型的参数寻优,首先采用Cat混沌映射初始化改进海鸥优化算法(SOA)初始种群的分布,提升寻优能力,优化SOA的搜索方向和攻击形式,增强其全局搜索能力并提高收敛速度,然后用ISOA对弹性BP神经网络（RBPNN）模型中的权值和阈值进行寻优,最后构建ISOA-RBPNN预测模型。以管道爆破数据为例,利用MATLAB进行仿真模拟,并与PSO-BPNN模型和IFA-BPNN模型预测结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明:ISOA-RBPNN模型的各项评价指标均优于其他2个模型,预测结果较实际值误差更小,在预测腐蚀管道剩余强度领域具有更好的性能,可为后续研究腐蚀管道剩余寿命和制定维修策略提供参考依据。     

盐雾环境对军用飞机高强螺栓疲劳极限的影响

目的研究军用飞机高强螺栓在模拟海洋大气环境下的疲劳极限变化。方法采用中性盐雾试验对30CrMnSiA高强螺栓进行预腐蚀试验,试验持续时间为360 h,而后再进行96 hCASS试验。腐蚀后对样品进行疲劳试验,并与未腐蚀的样品进行S-N曲线对比分析,并分析其疲劳断口形貌变化。结果在进行盐雾试验后螺栓发生腐蚀,疲劳极限降低28.4%。结论军用飞机用高强螺栓在模拟海洋大气环境下易发生腐蚀,疲劳极限出现明显降低现象,其主要原因为疲劳试验有效面积减少。     

植物根系对土壤抗侵蚀能力的影响

植物根系增加土壤的抗侵蚀能力主要通过两种方式一是通过根系在土体中交错、穿插,网络固持土壤;二是通过改善土壤的物理性质,提高土壤自身的水力学性质,从而增强土体的抗侵蚀能力.植物根系能明显增强土壤的抗冲性、土壤的渗透性及土体的剪切强度等水力学性质.根系在提高土壤抗侵蚀能力、防止土壤侵蚀方面具有重要作用.     

利用建筑垃圾和碱渣制备蒸压加气混凝土

为实现建筑垃圾和碱渣二次资源的综合利用,考察利用建筑垃圾和碱渣为主要原料制备蒸压加气混凝土的可行性。通过测试蒸压加气混凝土的干密度和抗压强度,确定适宜的原料配比和蒸压养护条件,并通过XRD、SEM和FTIR对蒸压加气混凝土样品的矿物组成、微观结构进行分析。结果表明,在建筑垃圾、碱渣、石灰、水泥、石膏、铝粉掺量分别为50%、20%、10%、18%、2%和0.1%、蒸压压力1.5 MPa、蒸压时间6 h的条件下,制备的蒸压加气混凝土性能达到《蒸压加气混凝土砌块》(GB 11968-2006)A7.5、B07级要求,且蒸压加气混凝土样品的主要物相为托贝莫来石、半结晶CSH(I)和少量方解石、石英和硬石膏,托贝莫来石、硬石膏和水化硅酸钙凝胶相互交错形成多孔结构,部分Si—O—Si和Al—O—Al断裂,[AlO4]取代了归属于[SiO4]中的Si—O—Si。碱渣的添加有助于激发建筑垃圾的活性,生成强度更高的含铝托贝莫来石,形成低密度高强度的蒸压加气混凝土。     

Metals removal from aqueous solution by iron-based bonding agents

GOAL AND SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: The application of a promising method, termed sorptive flotation, for the removal of chromium(VI) and zinc ions was the aim of the present paper. A special case of sorptive flotation is adsorbing colloid flotation. Suitable sorbent preparation techniques have been developed in the laboratory. METHODS: Sorptive flotation, consisting of the sorption and flotation processes combined in series, has proved to give fast and satisfactory treatment of the industrial streams and effluents bearing dilute aqueous solutions of zinc and chromium(VI). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Goethite has proved to be effective for the removal of chromium(VI) and zinc ions. Also, adsorbing colloid flotation with ferric hydroxide (as the co-precipitant) could be an alternative method to the above-mentioned separation of metal ions. In both cases, chromium(VI) (pH=4) and zinc (pH=7) removal was about 100%. CONCLUSION: The reasons for selecting the iron-based bonding materials, like goethite and/or in-situ produced ferric hydroxide, are that they are cheap, easily synthesized, suitable both for cation and anion sorption, and, furthermore, that they present low risks for adding a further pollutant to the system. Promising results were obtained. RECOMMENDATION AND OUTLOOK: The application of goethite and in-situ produced ferric hydroxide has demonstrated their effectiveness in the removal of heavy metal ions, such as chromium anions and zinc cations. A proposed continuation of current work is the utilization of similar iron oxides, for instance synthesized akaganeite. The comparison between the results reported in this paper with the results reported in the literature, also deserves attention.     

Wet Strength and Water Resistance of Modified Soy Protein Adhesives and Effects of Drying Treatment

Soy protein isolate (SPI) was modified using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl). Adhesion performance of the modified SPI on fiberboard was studied. The Water-soluble mass of the modified SPI adhesives was examined following modified ASTM D5570. The SDS-modified SPI containing 91% protein had a water-soluble mass of 1.7%. To be considered a water-resistant adhesive, the water-soluble mass of adhesive should be less than 2%. The wet shear strength test showed 100% cohesive failure within fiberboard, indicating that the modified SPI has good water resistance. The effect of drying treatment on adhesion performance of the SDS-modified SPI on fiberboard was then investigated. Drying treatment significantly affected the final adhesion performance. Shear strength did not change much, but the percentage of cohesive failure within fiberboard increased markedly as drying temperature increased. All the unsoaked, soaked, and wet specimens glued by the adhesives treated at 70° or 90°C had 100% cohesive failure within fiberboard. Viscosity also increased greatly with an increase in drying temperature. This information will be useful in developing low-cost adhesive processing system in the future.     

Study of the treatment effectiveness of a solidification/stabilization process for waste bearing heavy metals

The sludge from a steel processing unit bearing zinc, lead, iron, and manganese was solidified with ordinary Portland cement. The waste was stabilized in the specimens with a waste/binder ratio range of 0.16–4.0. On the basis of the available leaching and unconfined compressive strength, the performance of the solidified/stabilized waste was compared for different numbers of curing days. It was found that curing up to 28 days resulted in a performance improvement, as shown by less leaching of heavy metals and the increased unconfined compressive strength of the specimen. The treatment effectiveness of the solidification/stabilization process was assessed for the metals Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn, and was found to be 89%, 95%, 74%, and 90%, respectively, for an optimum ratio of 4.0 after 28 days of curing.