偏心结构在双向地震作用下扭转反应之影响因素

对偏心结构在双向地震作用下的弹塑性扭转反应进行了研究。以纤维模型模拟双向地震作用下混凝土柱的双轴弯曲,考查刚度偏心es、强度偏心ep和自振周期T等因素对结构扭转的影响。通过弹塑性时程分析得到的结果表明,在双向地震作用下,随着刚度偏心的增大刚性边和柔性边表现出不同的反应特点,前者“延性需求”变大,后者滞回耗能增加;单双向地震作用下,结构弹塑性扭转随强度偏心的变化趋势相同,当0相似文献   

Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca (L.)) in Decline: High Mortality of Three Populations in the Northern Baltic Sea

The development of three pikeperch (Sander lucioperca (L.)) populations in the northern Baltic Sea was monitored using standardized multimesh gillnets in 1995–2009. Declining trends in the abundances of pikeperch over 40 cm total length, low numbers of individuals older than 6 years, and high mortality rates were observed in all three populations. In the site with the largest commercial catches per unit area and a rapidly increased colony of great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis Blumenbach 1798), also the abundance of pikeperch below 40 cm total length and year-class strength showed declining trends. The adverse population level changes did not correlate with changes in water quality or eutrophication status. Together, the results suggest that in all study sites fisheries are harvesting a large proportion of the pikeperch soon after or even before reaching the maturity, and that predation from great cormorants may increase mortality of juveniles. Pikeperch is important not only for fisheries but also for ecosystem functioning, and our results point at the need for further management measures to ensure viable populations in the areas studied.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-013-0429-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

好氧颗粒污泥系统中丝状菌演替规律及其菌丝缠绕特性分析

为达到固液分离的目的,在SBR中将丝状菌颗粒化.研究发现,反应器中相继出现黄色、黑色和白色3种丝状菌颗粒.3种颗粒中,黑色颗粒和白色颗粒孔隙率基本一致,但黑色颗粒粒径远远大于其他2种颗粒,沉速达最大.对3种颗粒和反应器出水进行了丝状菌菌种鉴定,其中黑色颗粒以真菌为主,白色颗粒以微丝菌为主,黄色颗粒为浮球衣菌和Type0041,出水中除以上菌种外还有其他菌种,如Type0581.研究结果表明:丝状菌以弯曲、分支、不规则生长方式易形成丝状化颗粒;单一丝状菌相互缠绕形成的颗粒的强度高于多种丝状菌所形成的丝状菌颗粒.     

城市河涌受污染底泥的固化/稳定化处理

为了给河涌疏浚底泥的资源化提供技术支持,以广州市车陂涌表层受污染底泥为研究对象,用水泥、石灰、粉煤灰、膨润土等材料对底泥进行固化/稳定化处理实验。通过无侧限抗压强度、污染物在模拟自然条件下(中性)的释放特征、毒性浸出实验(酸性条件)对固化/稳定化处理效果进行综合分析。结果表明:经合适的处理后,固化体抗压强度能高于300 kPa;固化体自然条件下重金属的释放量明显减少,固化/稳定化处理能够有效减缓和减少固化体的二次污染;毒性浸出实验结果表明,河涌底泥经固化/稳定化处理后其重金属浸出能力显著降低。     

Effect of powdered activated carbon on Chinese traditional medicine wastewater treatment in submerged membrane bioreactor with electronic control backwashing

Chinese traditional medicine wastewater, rich in macromolecule and easy to foam in aerobic biodegradation such as Glycosides, was treated by two identical bench-scale aerobic submerged membrane bioreactors （SMBRs） operated in parallel under the same feed, equipped with the same electronic control backwashing device. One was used as the control SMBR （CSMBR） while the other was dosed with powdered activated carbon （PAC） （PAC-amended SMBR, PSMBR）. The backwashing interval was 5 min. One suction period was about 90 min by adjusting preestablished backwashing vacuum and pump frequency. The average flux of CSMBR during a steady periodic state of 24 d （576 h） was 5.87 L/h with average hydraulic residence time （HRT） of 5.97 h and that of PSMBR during a steady periodic state of 30 d （720 h） was 5.85 L/h with average HRT of 5.99 h. The average total chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal efficiency of CSMBR was 89.29% with average organic loading rate （OLR） at 4.16 kg COD/（m^3.d） while that of PSMBR was 89.79% with average OLR at 5.50 kg COD/（m^3.d）. COD concentration in the effluent of both SMBRs achieved the second level of the general wastewater effluent standard GB8978-1996 for the raw medicine material industry （300 mg/L）. Hence, SMBR with electronic control backwashing was a viable process for medium-strength Chinese traditional medicine wastewater treatment. Moreover, the increasing rates of preestablished backwashing vacuum, pump frequency, and vacuum and flux loss caused by mixed liquor in PSMBR all lagged compared to those in CSMBR; thus the actual operating time of the PSMBR system without membrane cleaning was extended by up to 1.25 times in contrast with the CSMBR system, and the average total COD removal efficiency of PSMBR was enhanced with higher average OLR.     

植物根系对土壤抗侵蚀能力的影响

植物根系增加土壤的抗侵蚀能力主要通过两种方式一是通过根系在土体中交错、穿插,网络固持土壤;二是通过改善土壤的物理性质,提高土壤自身的水力学性质,从而增强土体的抗侵蚀能力.植物根系能明显增强土壤的抗冲性、土壤的渗透性及土体的剪切强度等水力学性质.根系在提高土壤抗侵蚀能力、防止土壤侵蚀方面具有重要作用.     

2种终轧/开冷温度DSS 2304复合板复层组织与耐腐蚀性能对比研究

目的 对比研究2种不同终轧/开冷温度的2304/Q345C热轧双相不锈钢复合板复层组织和耐腐蚀性能。方法 分别采用金相显微镜和透射电镜观察复层组织形貌,采用铁素体测量仪分析计算复层远界面铁素体组织。分别采用化学浸泡法及电化学法测试复层抗点蚀和晶间腐蚀性能,并对其组织进行金相观察和透射分析。采用万能试验机对界面进行剪切强度测试,对界面附近进行线扫描测试分析,进一步分析剪切性能测试结果。结果 在其他热轧参数一定的情况下,终轧/开冷温度为1050/1020℃的复合板复层组织中的铁素体含量较高,奥氏体/铁素体相界更为规整,位错密度较低,晶界未发现析出相,界面剪切强度较高,复层的耐点腐蚀、晶间腐蚀及腐蚀电化学性能均较优。结论 终轧/开冷温度为1050/1020℃的热轧双相不锈钢复合板复层具有更优的耐腐蚀性能。     

河道疏浚废弃淤泥改良土的强度变化规律探讨

通过系列室内试验,研究了添加生石灰改良高含水量疏浚淤泥的处理土的无侧限抗压强度的主要影响因素;探讨了高含水量疏浚淤泥生石灰处理土的无侧限抗压强度与原泥初始含水量、生石灰掺入比、处理土含水量的关系,得出了生石灰处理土的无侧限抗压强度随着含水量降低率的增加而线性增加的变化规律;建立了生石灰处理土无侧限抗压强度与原泥初始含水量及处理土含水量的定量表达式,给出了生石灰改良高含水量疏浚淤泥的处理土不排水强度的预测方法,可为高含水量疏浚淤泥的有效利用和相关工程设计、施工提供理论基础和指导。     

基于ISOA-RBPNN的埋地管道剩余强度预测*

为提高腐蚀管道剩余强度的预测精度,提出引入弹性梯度下降法改进BP神经网络,并融合改进海鸥优化算法(ISOA),构建腐蚀管道剩余强度预测模型。关于改进BP神经网络模型的参数寻优,首先采用Cat混沌映射初始化改进海鸥优化算法(SOA)初始种群的分布,提升寻优能力,优化SOA的搜索方向和攻击形式,增强其全局搜索能力并提高收敛速度,然后用ISOA对弹性BP神经网络（RBPNN）模型中的权值和阈值进行寻优,最后构建ISOA-RBPNN预测模型。以管道爆破数据为例,利用MATLAB进行仿真模拟,并与PSO-BPNN模型和IFA-BPNN模型预测结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明:ISOA-RBPNN模型的各项评价指标均优于其他2个模型,预测结果较实际值误差更小,在预测腐蚀管道剩余强度领域具有更好的性能,可为后续研究腐蚀管道剩余寿命和制定维修策略提供参考依据。