聚硅酸铁(PSF)混凝剂硅铁反应过程研究

以水玻璃、硫酸亚铁及氯酸钠为原料,用共聚法制备不同Si/Fe比的聚硅酸铁(PSF)混凝剂(PSF0.5、PSF1、PSF3分别指Si/Fe摩尔比为0.5、1、3),同时监测制备过程中pH的变化,并就不同共聚反应时间的样品,分别采用X-射线衍射法(XRD)、紫外吸收(UVA)扫描法、透射电镜法(TEM)、光子相关光谱法(PCS)及红外光谱法(IR)对其反应过程的微观品质进行多方面表征.结果表明,PSF是硅铁反应的共聚物,而不是简单的原料复配.不同Si/Fe比的PSF具有不同的硅铁成键速度、成键方式及成键稳定性,低Si/Fe比主要生成以Si—O—Fe—O—Fe—O—Si键络合的物种,而高Si/Fe比主要生成以Si—O—Fe—O—Si—O—Si键络合的物种,Fe—O—Fe键的形成速度快并且与Si—O—Fe键的形成可能有相互促进作用,而Si—O—Si键(硅酸聚合)形成速度慢并且与Si—O—Fe键的形成可能有相互阻碍作用,Fe—O—Fe键的稳定性比Si—O—Fe或Si—O—Si键差.对于PSF中硅铁不同成键模式的分析为合成高性能、高稳定性的硅酸铁类混凝剂以及为优势形态控制提供了一定的理论基础.     

复合土工合成材料在垃圾填埋场中的应用

介绍复合土工合成材料排水/气垫层在垃圾填埋场中的应用情况。对材料的渗透率、抗剪强度、长期折减系数等关键指标进行详细研究,给出基本的设计步骤。并对复合土工合成材料试验、施工和选材等进行讨论并给出建议。     

淄博某热电厂粉煤灰双免砖的研制

研究了粉煤灰的用量、成型水分、粘结剂的种类及用量、外加剂的种类及用量、养护时间等因素对粉煤灰双免砖的影响,探讨了粘结剂的作用机理.     

Strength and workability of masonry mortars manufactured with ladle furnace slag

Ladle furnace basic slag (LFS) is a by-product of the steelmaking process. It has rarely been recovered in the past and is usually disposed of in landfill sites. Despite containing stable chemical substances of great quality, some of which are potentially hydraulic, its practical applications have been limited. This paper discusses the attractive option of using LFS in the manufacture of masonry mortars for use in the construction industry, which requires an analysis of the principal characteristics of such mortars, i.e. workability and mechanical strength. It reports on a comparative study, using standard commercial admixtures, between conventional masonry mortars and mortars manufactured with LFS as a partial replacement for sand and cement, the results of which imply considerable economic savings in sand and cement, improvements in the properties of the mortars and in overall sustainability, by avoiding disposal and conserving natural resources.     

改性污泥替代垃圾填埋场覆土的研究

以市政污泥为研究对象,采用固化剂对污泥进行改性,通过分析不同固化剂添加比例下固化产物的抗压强度和渗透系数,比较不同养护时间下污泥固化产物浸出液的COD、氨氮和重金属性质,探讨市政污泥固化产物作为垃圾填埋场覆土可行性。实验结果表明：固化剂添加比例为30％的固化产物抗压强度高于50kPa,其渗透系数达到10^-7cm／s数量级,基本满足覆土材料的标准要求。污泥固化产物重金属的最大浸出量远远低于《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-88）中一级排放标准。随养护时间延长,固化产物浸出液COD和氨氮浸出浓度亦呈下降趋势,重金属Pb、Cd浸出量明显减少,浸出比例小于1％。养护有利于降低固化产物的浸出污染程度,30％的污泥固化产物养护3d后可作为垃圾填埋场日覆盖材料。     

Characterization of eco-cement paste produced from waste sludges

In this study, marble sludge, sewage sludge, drinking water treatment plant sludge, and basic oxygen furnace sludge were used as replacements for limestone, sand, clay, and iron slag, respectively, as the raw materials for the production of cement in order to produce eco-cement. It was found that it is feasible to use marble sludge to replace up to 50% of the limestone and also that other materials can serve as total replacements for the raw materials typically used in the production of cement. The major components of Portland cement were all found in eco-cement clinkers. The eco-cement was confirmed to produce calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrates during the hydration process, increasing densification with the curing age. The compressive strength (S_c) and microstructural evaluations conducted at 28 d revealed the usefulness of eco-cement. It was observed that the S_c data correlated linearly with the pore volume (P) data at 28 d. The proposed model equation could be represented as S_c = 178-461P (correlation coefficient, R² = 0.96). Two parameters, the large capillary pore volume and the medium capillary pore volume, were evaluated using multiple regression analysis.     

Fly and bottom ashes from biomass combustion as cement replacing components in mortars production: Rheological behaviour of the pastes and materials compression strength

In the present research mortar pastes obtained by replacing a commercial cement with the equivalent mass of 5, 10, 20 and 30 wt.% of fly ash or bottom ash from fir chips combustion, were prepared and rheologically characterized. It was observed that the presence of ash modifies their rheological behaviour with respect to the reference blend due to the presence, in the ashes, of KCl and K₂SO₄ which cause precipitation of gypsum and portlandite during the first hydration stages of the pastes. Hydrated materials containing 5 wt.% of ash display compression strength and absorption at 28 d of same magnitude as the reference composition; conversely, progressive increase of ash cause a continuous decline of materials performances. Conversely, samples tested after 180 d display a marked decline of compression strength, as a consequence of potassium elution and consequent alkali-silica reaction against materials under curing.     

基于响应面法的污泥快速固化效能综合影响

针对现有污泥固化技术存在的固化养护时间长、低温条件下固化效能低等问题。研究提出污泥快速（3d）固化技术,采用响应曲面分析方法,重点考察了石灰、组分A、硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰和温度等5因素对固化效能的综合影响,研究结果表明,石灰、组分A、硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰和养护温度等因素对3d固化体的无侧限抗压强度和含水率的线性效应显著,石灰和组分A、石灰和养护温度对无侧限抗压强度的交互影响显著,石灰和粉煤灰、组分A和养护温度、硅酸盐水泥和粉煤灰对含水率的交互影响显著;得出了5因素对固化体3d无侧限抗压强度和含水率影响的定量模型,可对污泥快速固化进行优化和预测;并利用XRD和SED对污泥固化块的化学成分和微观结构进行了分析。     

垃圾焚烧底灰固化污水厂污泥的岩土工程性质实验

对污水处理厂污泥采用垃圾焚烧底灰进行固化处理,分别测试不同掺量和不同养护龄期时固化体的岩土工程性质,通过测试发现,固化体重度基本位于11～13 kN/m3之间,与垃圾焚烧底灰的重度相近;固化体含水率随着垃圾焚烧底灰掺量的增大而急剧减小;抗剪强度指标和无侧限抗压强度随垃圾焚烧底灰的掺量增加和养护龄期的增长而增大,其内摩擦角位于10°～30°之间。建立的固化强度预测模型,可对不同掺量和龄期的固化污泥强度进行预测。     

炼油废水微生物燃料电池启动及影响因素

以炼油废水为碳源,构建双室填料型微生物燃料电池,考察接种液、外接电阻等电池启动条件,以及电导率、pH值和缓冲溶液强度等溶液性质对电池产电性能的影响。利用微生物燃料处理炼油废水,COD去除率(52±4)%,含油量去除率(81.8±3)%;利用废水中存在的原生菌即可启动电池,但启动期长,外加接种液可快速启动电池;启动时外接电阻的大小对电池稳定运行后的输出功率有明显影响,对电池内阻影响相对较小,当启动外接电阻为2 000Ω,电池输出功率最大,为288 mW/m3;随阳极溶液电导率电池增大,电池内阻降低,输出功率升高;pH值变化对电池阳极电势影响较大,进而影响电池输出,当溶液pH为9时,电池输出电压最大(388 mV),pH过高或过低均不利于电池产电;随着缓冲强度的增大,电池输出电压增大,且PBS缓冲强度的增大可从电导率增大和改善质子传递条件两方面提高电池的输出功率。