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591.
Polythene sheeting is a major litter component on estuarine beaches and river banks. Sanitary towel backing strips, which
are one of the commonest items of sewage related debris found on beaches, enter the riverine system via combined sewer overflows.
Investigations on these items, positioned at natural riverine stranding levels, showed that after an initial rapid breakdown
little further loss of tensile strength occurred. Experiments carried out on backing strips, buried in the bank suspended
from a tree and tethered to the bank, showed significant change. Buried samples retained the greatest tensile strength retention,
dropping no lower than 90 %, the other samples showed similar retention rates at 80%. The difference is probably due to photodegradation
as biodegradation effects were minimal. Probably, the longevity of such plastics is a major reason for their abundance and
widespread distribution both on river banks and beaches. 相似文献
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预测结垢趋势是污水回注中的一项重要工作,通常都要计算离子强度,而离子强度的计算量很大,因此提出了一种替代的估算方法———矿化度法。由于矿化度的测定较为容易,计算简便,建立矿化度和离子强度之间的一元线性关系,使计算得以大大简化。通过中原油田的实例详细说明了一元线性关系的建立方法及判定是否适用的标准,并提出:不同水质情况应分别建立各自的一元线性回归方程。 相似文献
595.
高强度开发下的上海农业环境问题与对策 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
文章指出高强度开发下上海市郊主要的农业污染问题,并分析了污染形成的原因,提出了符合可持续发展战略的污染探讨对策。 相似文献
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A Procedure for Making Optimal Selection of Input Variables for Multivariate Environmental Classifications 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Abstract: Multivariate classifications of environmental factors are used as frameworks for conservation management. Although classification performance is likely to be sensitive to choice of input variables, these choices have been subjective in most previous studies. We used the Mantel test on a limited set of sites for which biological data were available to iteratively seek a definition of environmental space (i.e., intersite distances calculated with a set of appropriately transformed and weighted environmental variables) that had maximal correlation with the same sites described in a biological space. The procedure was used to select input variables for a classification of New Zealand's rivers that discriminates variation in fish communities for biodiversity management. The classification performed (i.e., discriminated biological variation) better than classifications with subjectively chosen variables. The inherently linear measures of environmental distance that underlie multivariate environmental classifications mean that they will perform best if they are defined based on variables for which there is a linear variation in the biological community throughout the entire range of the variable. Classification performance will therefore be improved when variables that have nonlinear relationships with biological variation are transformed to make their relationship with biological turnover more linear and when the contributions of environmental factors that have particularly strong relationships with biological variation are increased by weighting. Our results indicate that attention to the manner in which environmental space is defined improves the efficacy of multivariate classification and other techniques in which the environment is used as a surrogate for biological variation. 相似文献
598.
离子强度对粘土和改性粘土絮凝去除水华铜绿微囊藻的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了水体的离子强度对粘土和壳聚糖改性粘土絮凝去除铜绿微囊藻的影响 .离子强度的增加有利于粘土对藻类的絮凝去除 .与一般粘土除藻相反 ,壳聚糖改性粘土却在离子强度低的条件下具有更好的除藻效果 ,是适合在湖泊 ,水库和江河等淡水 (低含盐量 )水体中应用的应急除藻技术 .当离子强度从 0.17mol/L降到 0mol/L时 ,海泡石除藻率从 90 %以上降为 70 %以下(投加量700mg/L) ,而壳聚糖改性海泡石的除藻率却从 70%左右升至 95% (投加量仅为 11mg/L) .用粘度法研究了壳聚糖改性海泡石的絮凝机理 ,发现相对低的离子强度更有利于壳聚糖分子链上阳电荷的相互排斥作用 ,有利于壳聚糖分子链的舒展 ,从而可以充分发挥架桥网捕作用 ,利于絮凝除藻 . 相似文献
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