皖南茶区土壤硒含量及其与茶叶中硒的关系

采集皖南泾县茶区7个主要茶园和安徽茶树良种场土壤和茶叶样品,分析土壤-茶叶间硒分配与分布的特点以及茶叶中硒含量与土壤和茶树品种的关系。结果表明,皖南泾县茶区土壤硒平均含量为( 0. 413±0. 146 )mg·kg-1,高于我国土壤表层硒平均含量背景值,在我国自然茶园中属正常偏高水平。硒在土壤剖面的分布受生物富集性、土壤pH值、土壤有机质含量等因素的影响。春茶含硒量高于秋茶,春茶含硒量为0. 096 ~0. 216mg·kg-1,多数属中等含硒水平。茶叶含硒量是土壤含硒量、茶叶采摘季节、茶树品种等因素共同影响的结果。因此通过选育硒富集力强的良种茶树、合理配施硒肥、调节土壤pH值及养分状况以及适时采摘茶叶等措施,可以实现富硒绿茶生产。     

园林苗圃业存在的隐患与发展对策

苗木是城市园林绿化建设、改善环境质量物质基础之一,为此本文分析了作为绿化材料生产部门的园林苗圃业可持续发展过程中存在的3个方面的隐患及其发展对策.     

生态产业园区:可持续发展的一种理想模式

目前对可持续发展内涵有多方面的认识,本文从当然和必然、整体和局部、发展与限制等方面对这一问题进行了分析.对可持续发展模式的分析表明,可持续发展模式包括理论模式和实践模式2种.为了促进可持续发展从理论向实践的快速转化,提出了在有条件的地区建设生态产业园区的设想,并认为它可能是未来社会可持续发展的一种比较理想的模式.     

Rapid Assessment of Plant Diversity Patterns: A Methodology for Landscapes

We present a rapid, cost-efficient methodology to link plantdiversity surveys from plots to landscapes using: (1) unbiasedsite selection based on remotely sensed information; (2) multi-scale field techniques to assess plant diversity; (3)mathematical models (species-area curves) to estimate thenumber of species in larger areas corrected for within-typeheterogeneity; and (4) mathematical techniques to estimatetotal species richness and patterns of plant diversity in alandscape. We demonstrate the methodology in a 754 ha studyarea in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, U.S.A.,using four 0.025 ha and twenty-one 0.1 ha multi-scalevegetation plots. We recorded 330 plant species (1/3 thenumber of plants recorded in the 1074 km² Park) in the2.2 ha area within the plots: this represents a samplingintensity of 0.29% of the 754 ha study site. We estimated 552plant species, about half the plant species recorded in the Park,in just 0.7% of the Parks area. We show how this rapid,cost-efficient methodology: (1) produces a rich informationbase on the patterns of native plant diversity and thedistribution of non-native plant species and keystoneecosystems; and (2) can be easily adapted for other nationaland state parks, national forests, wildlife refuges, and nature reserves.     

雨水花园运行寿命分析与价值估算

雨水花园作为典型的低影响(LID)开发设施之一,在径流量削减和污染物净化方面起着重要作用.为探索雨水花园运行寿命和估算其功能价值,于2011年3月—2017年10月对西安理工大学校内3个雨水花园进行了16～40场不等的降雨监测.结果表明,雨水花园的径流量削减率和污染负荷削减率呈先增大后减小的趋势.结合污染负荷削减,提出了雨水花园"三阶段净化"概念—即净化增长期、净化稳定期和净化衰弱期,简称TSP概念,并绘制了P-F概念图.排水型和入渗型雨水花园各功能价值排序为:涵养水资源水质净化维持生物多样性调节气候提供美学景观;入渗型雨水花园综合价值和单位面积价值分别是排水雨水花园的4.16倍和4.84倍.     

坚持科学发展观,大力推进循环经济建设--关于东部工业区改造、建设生态工业园区的几点思考

坚持科学发展观,大力推进循环经济建设是我国当前和今后相当长一段时期的主旋律.从秦皇岛市东部工业区的区位优势和资源优势分析出发,提出了将该区改造和建设成生态工业园区的必要性和可能性,在次基础上初步探讨了发展与建设的基本方向与框架.     

建设生态工业园区 推进环保产业发展——在南海国家生态工业示范园区暨华南环保科技产业园建设规划论证会上的讲话

论述了建设生态工业园区是实现区域可持续发展、经济和环境双赢的重要举措。     

Influence of a botanical pesticide,azadirachtin, on ultimobranchial gland of the freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis

Freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, were subjected to 42 mg L^?1 of azadirachtin for short-term exposure (96 h) and to 10.5 mg L^?1 for long-term exposure (28 days). Six fishes were sacrificed on each time interval from control and experimental groups after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h in the short-term exposure and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in the long-term experiment. The calcium regulating endocrine gland, viz. the ultimobranchial gland, was fixed for histological studies. Up to 72 h of azadirachtin treatment, there was no histological alteration in the UBG (ultimobranchial gland) of H. fossilis. After 96 h exposure, the ultimobranchial cells stain feebly and the nuclear volume of these cells were slightly decreased. No histological alterations have been observed in the UBG cells up to 14 days following azadirachtin exposure. After 21 days, the cytoplasm of ultimobranchial cells was feebly stained and the nuclear volume exhibits a decrease. The nuclear volume of these cells was further decreased and the gland shows vacuolization and degeneration at certain places after 28 days azadirachtin treatment. Hence, it can be concluded that azadirachtin severely affects the physiology of calcium homeostasis in H. fossilis. Therefore, the botanical pesticides should be used carefully near aquatic reservoirs.     

衡阳市菜园土现状与改土培肥措施

通过对衡阳市石鼓区、南岳区、衡阳县、衡南县主要蔬菜基地29个不同种菜历史和不同土壤类型的土样进行分析表明,当前衡阳菜园土存在着土壤有机质含量不高,硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾含量普遍偏低,土壤酸化较重,局部区域次生盐渍化等问题.针对这种现状,应通过施用石灰,调节土壤pH,提高土壤养分的有效性;采用深耕晒土,增施腐熟的有机肥,推广测土配方施肥等技术进行改土培肥.表4,参7.     

添加植物物料对2种酸性土壤可溶性铝的影响

在室内培养试验条件下,研究了添加非豆科的油菜秸秆、小麦秸秆、稻草、玉米秸秆和豆科的大豆秸秆、花生秸秆、蚕豆秸秆、紫云英、豌豆秸秆对酸性茶园黄棕壤和红壤可溶性铝总量及其形态的影响.结果表明,黄棕壤除添加油菜秸秆、小麦秸秆和稻草处理外,其余添加植物物料处理土壤可溶性铝总量、总单核铝和3种无机单核铝的含量有不同程度的降低,因为加入这些植物物料均使土壤pH值增大.5种豆科植物物料对黄棕壤pH值的影响大于非豆科植物物料,前者对土壤中3种无机单核铝含量的影响也大于后者.9种植物物料也使红壤pH值有不同程度升高,土壤可溶性铝含量降低,其中4种非豆科植物物料、花生秸秆和蚕豆秸秆处理效果较好.因此,施用植物秸秆能够有效改良土壤酸度,缓解土壤中铝对植物的毒害.总体而言,9种植物物料中花生秸秆增加酸性土壤pH值和降低土壤有毒形态铝含量效果最好.