输油站厂界噪声测量结果的不确定度评定

根据厂界噪声的计算模式,全面考虑了整个测试过程中的不确定度来源,阐述了厂界噪声测量不确定度的评定方法。     

射流式空气净化技术的实验研究

射流作为一种流体运动的特殊现象,其独特的界面和湍流接触性能可使传热和传质速率相比传统技术得到极大提高.将其应用于特定条件的空气净化(简称AJF),可产生一些传统技术不能达到的效果.利用频闪高速摄影技术对气-液两相射流的气速、液速特性进行研究,探讨了其相互作用,与传质及传热的关系,以及对空气中颗粒物、挥发性污染物净化性能的影响,重点研究和讨论了利用AJF方法对于油烟的净化效果.另外将对AJF空气净化技术从原理、技术路线、实验和应用等方面分别予以阐述.     

Variation characteristics of thermal resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in recent 50 years北大核心CSCD

To provide scientific support for the rational development and utilization of thermal resources and avoid climate risks, the distribution of thermal resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the context of climate change was analyzed in this study. Based on meteorological data from 1961 to 2020 at 149 stations in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the changes in thermal resources over the past 50 years were analyzed using inclination rate analysis and Mann-Kendall inspection, combined with JAVA and Python programming. The results showed that: (1) the annual average temperature in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shows an obvious warming trend, and the temperature increases greatly after the 1990s, with the climate tendency rate from 1961 to 2020 reaching 0.298 ℃/10 a. (2) The accumulated temperature and lasting days steadily above 0 ℃, 5 ℃ and 10 ℃ increased significantly, and the accumulated temperature increases were not entirely determined by the duration of the lasting days. (3) The beginning dates of accumulated temperature steadily above 0 ℃, 5 ℃, and 10 ℃ were generally advanced, while the deadlines were delayed, and the trend of early start dates was stronger than that of deadlines. In conclusion, this study shows that, in the context of global warming, thermal resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have undergone substantial changes, which will play an important role in the introduction and extension of crops. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

MAX-DOAS observation in the midlatitude marine boundary layer: Influences of typhoon forced air mass

As a passive remote sensing technique, MAX-DOAS method was widely used to investigate the vertical profiles of aerosol and trace gases in the lower troposphere. However, the measurements for midlatitude marine boundary layer are rarely reported, especially during the storm weather system. In this study, the MAX-DOAS was used to retrieve the aerosol, HCHO and NO₂ vertical distribution at Huaniao Island of East China Sea in summer 2018, during which a strong tropical cyclone developed and passed through the measurement site. The observed aerosol optical depth (AOD), HCHO- and NO_2-VCDs (Vertical Column Density) were in the range of 0.19-0.97, (2.57-12.27) × 10¹⁵ molec/cm², (1.24-4.71) × 10¹⁵ molec/cm², which is much higher than remote ocean area due to the short distance to continent. The vertically resolved aerosol extinction coefficient (AEC), HCHO and NO₂ presented the decline trend with the increase of height. After the typhoon passing through, the distribution of high levels of aerosol and HCHO stretched to about 1 km and the abundances of the bottom layer were found as double higher than before, reaching 0.51 km⁻¹ and 2.44 ppbv, while NO₂ was still constrained within about 300 m with 2.59 ppbv in the bottom layer. The impacts of typhoon process forced air mass were also observed at the suburban site in Shanghai in view of both the aerosol extinction and chemical components. The different changes on air quality associated with typhoon and its mechanism in two different environments: coastal island and coastal city are worthy of further investigation as it frequent occurred in East Asia during summer and fall.     

基于外加电流阴极保护法的FPSO保护方案

目的 确定目标FPSO主船体结构全寿命期下外加电流阴极保护系统中的最优参数。方法 采用计算机软件数值模拟的方法,建立目标FPSO主船体结构外加电流阴极保护模型,研究外加电流阴极保护系统中辅助阳极位置、数量以及输出电流对目标FPSO保护状态的影响。结果 分别在距离目标FPSO船尾57、127、191、267 m,吃水深度为5.3、5.7、5.7、5.2 m处的左、右两舷侧上对称布置共8个辅助阳极,各个辅助阳极初期释放电流分别为7、6、6、6 A,外加电流阴极保护系统输出总电流以34.6 A/a线性增加,可使得全寿命期下目标FPSO主船体结构水下部分处于完全保护状态。结论 采用计算机软件数值模拟计算可以快速得到外加电流阴极保护系统参数与目标FPSO保护状态之间的关系,进而可得到阴极保护最优参数,这为后续在目标FPSO上使用外加电流阴极保护系统确立最优参数提供了理论依据。     

大气汞形态分布的研究进展

归纳了大气中汞的形态和行为,并联系近年来国内外对海洋边界层大气汞的研究现状,介绍本实验室对厦门近海地区气态元素汞和颗粒态总汞同步监测的研究,考察厦门近海地区大气汞的分布特征及影响因素,以期补充近海地区汞污染数据,为汞污染控制和治理工作提供数据支持。提出了今后应进一步开展的研究方向。     

重庆典型灰霾天气下大气气溶胶的激光雷达探测

简要介绍了法国Losphere公司ALS300型偏振Mie散射激光雷达的基本结构、探测原理及反演算法,并通过在重庆主城区2009年11月23～27日一次典型灰霾天气条件下连续的气溶胶激光雷达探测结果分析得出,重庆冬季典型灰霾天气下PBL平均高度约为600米,AOD值在4及以上。     

基于风廓线仪等资料的珠江三角洲污染气象条件研究

利用珠江三角洲区域空气质量资料和珠海、南沙、增城的逐30 min风廓仪观测资料,以及清远探空站每天08时和20时的温度探空资料等,研究了2012年10月珠江三角洲出现的大范围持续性污染天气期间的大气边界层特征.结果表明:2012年10月珠江三角洲出现的大范围持续性污染天气主要是受到弱冷空气南下和台风外围下沉气流天气形势的影响;在污染日,增城、南沙和珠海低层风速普遍小于3 m·s-1,300m高度以下风速甚至小于2 m·s-1,增城和珠海观测站的通风量普遍小于5000~6000 m2·s-1;非污染日的通风量则远远大于污染日;在近海的南沙站和珠海站,海陆风等局地环流的的作用不利于污染物的扩散,海风约出现于下午6时,最大影响高度约600~800 m;逆温层是导致重污染的天气的重要原因,清远探空站频繁出现逆温层,甚至出现多层低空逆温,污染日的逆温层平均厚度和平均强度都较大.     

基于一般浓度入射条件的汽车扬尘数值模拟研究

数值模拟是研究汽车扬尘时空分布的重要方法,地面扬尘浓度条件则是数值模拟求解的关键。不同于已有的整体均匀入射或局部单一强度入射条件,由风沙理论推导了更合理的一般浓度边界条件,在此基础上研究了颗粒重力及车轮旋转对扬尘的影响,并得出车速与扬尘量之间近似为指数的关系。这一方法对进一步研究汽车造成的污染问题具有积极的作用。     

Boundary control and controlled boundaries: Organizational expectations for technology use at the work–family interface

Some studies have argued that information and communication technologies such as smartphones can pressure employees to work more from home, while others argue that they help employees manage transitions between work and family role domains. Leveraging boundary theory and the job demands–resources model, the present study examines the conditions under which work–family technology use is associated with greater boundary control. Findings show that technology use is associated with higher boundary control for those who prefer role integration and lower boundary control for those who prefer role segmentation. Findings also show that boundary control is linked to emotional exhaustion and that organizational after‐hours electronic communication expectations can compel work–family technology use despite individual preferences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.