不同煤质煤尘层最低着火温度特性及其影响因素研究

为研究不同煤质的煤尘层最低着火温度特性及其影响因素,选取褐煤、长焰煤、不粘煤、气煤、焦煤、瘦煤、贫煤和无烟煤8种不同变质程度的煤尘样品,测试分析8种煤尘层的最低着火温度及最低着火温度工况下煤尘层着火类型、着火时间,并研究了粒径和煤尘层厚度对煤尘层最低着火温度的影响。结果表明,随变质程度由褐煤逐渐增大,最低着火温度T_L由290℃不断增大。褐煤、长焰煤、不粘煤和气煤为a类着火,其着火时间较为接近,均值为19. 5 min,而焦煤、瘦煤和贫煤为c类着火,着火时间均值为11 min,表明随变质程度增大,虽然TL增大,但着火时间明显缩短。通过分析最低着火温度工况下不同煤质的温度T-时间t变化情况,认为褐煤、长焰煤、不粘煤和气煤煤尘层温度曲线中出现明显上下波动现象,是因为煤尘层厚度有限,无法长时间积聚能量。通过构建TL与粒径r、煤尘层厚度d的三维空间拟合模型,发现粒径小、厚度大的煤尘层具有更大的着火敏感性和爆炸潜伏性,更应加强防范。     

基于因子分析的嫩江重要省界缓冲区水质评价研究

嫩江流域省界缓冲区水质监测与评价,是针对2010年和2015年引起嫩江省界缓冲区水环境质量主要污染物的变化分析,判断主要超标指标为有机生化指标。为进一步明确嫩江缓冲区水质影响关键因子,采用因子分析评价嫩江重要省界缓冲区水质状况。依据因子的荷载矩阵,2010年和2015年的主导因子均累计解释了原始向量80%以上的信息,反映了这两年水环境和污染因子之间的关系。嫩江流域省界缓冲区流域水质状况分析,为今后对嫩江流域水功能区目标管理提供理论支持。     

1981-2014年四川不同强度霾时空特征及气候成因研究

利用四川156个气象观测站1981-2014年霾日观测资料,对区域内不同强度霾日的时空分布特征及变化趋势进行分析.结果发现：不同强度霾日数呈现轻霾和重霾显著上升、中霾下降的趋势,20世纪90年代后霾日整体偏多,其中,秋、冬季发生频率偏高,12月和1月是多发时段;不同强度年均霾日高值区集中在盆地中部、东部地区,低值区主要位于盆地西南地区,并呈现盆地中北部霾日逐年减少,盆地南部逐年增多的变化趋势.结合季节特征探讨霾日形成机理发现,春、夏季欧亚中高纬度呈现两槽一脊的环流形势,印缅槽较强,利于降水,盆地相对湿度为85%以上,高原东侧上升气流较明显,大气对流层中下层为"上冷下暖"的递减层结,利于大气污染排放物垂直交换及其对外扩散;秋、冬季高纬度以纬向环流为主,经向环流偏弱,冷空气被阻挡在盆地以北以西区域,盆地东部为下沉气流,850 hPa以下的偏东气流使东部污染物向西蔓延,青藏高原以东地区上空为显著的"上暖下冷"逆温层结,相对湿度为80%左右,地面气温增加,相对湿度下降,使霾不易向雾转换,加重霾日高频状况的发生.     

Being trusted: How team generational age diversity promotes and undermines trust in cross‐boundary relationships

We examine how demographic context influences the trust that boundary spanners experience in their dyadic relationships with clients. Because of the salience of age as a demographic characteristic as well as the increasing prevalence of age diversity and intergenerational conflict in the workplace, we focus on team age diversity as a demographic social context that affects trust between boundary spanners and their clients. Using social categorization theory and theories of social capital, we develop and test our contextual argument that a boundary spanner's experience of being trusted is influenced by the social categorization processes that occur in dyadic interactions with a specific client and, simultaneously, by similar social categorization processes that influence the degree to which the client team as a whole serves as a cooperative resource for demographically similar versus dissimilar boundary spanner–client dyads. Using a sample of 168 senior boundary spanners from the consulting industry, we find that generational diversity among client team members from a client organization undermines the perception of being trusted within homogeneous boundary spanner–client dyads while it enhances the perception of being trusted within heterogeneous dyads. The perception of being trusted is an important aspect of cross‐boundary relationships because it influences coordination and the costs associated with coordination. © 2015 The Author Journal of Organizational Behavior Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd     

Juggling work and family responsibilities when involuntarily working more from home: A multiwave study of financial sales professionals

Using multiwave survey data collected among 251 financial sales professionals, we tested whether involuntarily working more from home (teleworking) was related to higher time‐based and strain‐based work‐to‐family conflict (WFC). Employees' boundary management strategy (integration vs. segmentation) and work–family balance self‐efficacy were considered as moderators of these relationships. Data were collected one month before, three months after, and 12 months after the implementation of a new cost‐saving policy that eliminated employees' access to office space in a centralized work location. The policy resulted in employees being forced to work more from home. A voluntary telework program had been in effect before the new policy, implying that working more from home as a result of the new policy was involuntary in nature. Results revealed that involuntarily working more from home was associated with higher strain‐based WFC but not higher time‐based WFC. However, moderator analyses revealed that the positive association between involuntarily working more from home and both types of WFC was significantly stronger among employees with weaker self‐efficacy in balancing work and family. Boundary management strategy had no detectable moderating effect. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

济宁南部区域耕作层土壤地球化学特征及其成因分析

济宁市南部区域是著名的国家商品粮、优质大蒜、优质稻米和有机蔬菜生产基地,由于土壤地球化学特征与农业生产、人类健康关系密切,所以对济宁南部区域耕作层土壤地球化学特征及其成因的研究具有十分重要的意义。本文以济宁南部煤田地区作为典型区域,以耕作层土壤为研究对象,采集了77件耕作层土壤样品,定量分析了As、B、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、F、Hg、Li、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Sr、Se、Zn、S、Corg、p H、Si O2、TFe2O3、Mg O、Ca O、Na2O、K2O、CEC等共计26项指标。经统计分析发现,济宁南部区域耕作层土壤中地球化学指标含量变异系数的大小顺序为HgCECSCdNa2OMoCa OCorgAsMnCuMg OCoLiNiTFe2O3SeZnFCrPbBSi O2SrK2Op H,其中Hg、CEC和S的变异系数较大,均超过了50%,这一特点与地球化学指标含量频率直方图及平均值与背景值的比对柱状图所显示的特征完全吻合。在摸清耕作层土壤地球化学特征的基础上,采用R型因子分析法对济宁南部区域耕作层土壤地球化学特征的成因进行了详细分析,提取了风化作用和淋溶作用复合因素、蒸发淀积作用和粘土物理化学吸附作用复合因素、植物根际富集因素作用、煤矿生产因素作用等四个因子,其方差贡献率分别为55.022%、12.753%、9.803%、8.009%,四个因子可以用于说明济宁南部区域表层土壤地球化学特征85.587%的形成原因。研究结果可以为研究区今后开展耕作层土壤环境质量评价,以及生态平衡研究奠定基础。     

Protected‐Area Boundaries as Filters of Plant Invasions

Abstract: Human land uses surrounding protected areas provide propagules for colonization of these areas by non‐native species, and corridors between protected‐area networks and drainage systems of rivers provide pathways for long‐distance dispersal of non‐native species. Nevertheless, the influence of protected‐area boundaries on colonization of protected areas by invasive non‐native species is unknown. We drew on a spatially explicit data set of more than 27,000 non‐native plant presence records for South Africa's Kruger National Park to examine the role of boundaries in preventing colonization of protected areas by non‐native species. The number of records of non‐native invasive plants declined rapidly beyond 1500 m inside the park; thus, we believe that the park boundary limited the spread of non‐native plants. The number of non‐native invasive plants inside the park was a function of the amount of water runoff, density of major roads, and the presence of natural vegetation outside the park. Of the types of human‐induced disturbance, only the density of major roads outside the protected area significantly increased the number of non‐native plant records. Our findings suggest that the probability of incursion of invasive plants into protected areas can be quantified reliably.     

Achieving Conservation Science that Bridges the Knowledge–Action Boundary

There are many barriers to using science to inform conservation policy and practice. Conservation scientists wishing to produce management‐relevant science must balance this goal with the imperative of demonstrating novelty and rigor in their science. Decision makers seeking to make evidence‐based decisions must balance a desire for knowledge with the need to act despite uncertainty. Generating science that will effectively inform management decisions requires that the production of information (the components of knowledge) be salient (relevant and timely), credible (authoritative, believable, and trusted), and legitimate (developed via a process that considers the values and perspectives of all relevant actors) in the eyes of both researchers and decision makers. We perceive 3 key challenges for those hoping to generate conservation science that achieves all 3 of these information characteristics. First, scientific and management audiences can have contrasting perceptions about the salience of research. Second, the pursuit of scientific credibility can come at the cost of salience and legitimacy in the eyes of decision makers, and, third, different actors can have conflicting views about what constitutes legitimate information. We highlight 4 institutional frameworks that can facilitate science that will inform management: boundary organizations (environmental organizations that span the boundary between science and management), research scientists embedded in resource management agencies, formal links between decision makers and scientists at research‐focused institutions, and training programs for conservation professionals. Although these are not the only approaches to generating boundary‐spanning science, nor are they mutually exclusive, they provide mechanisms for promoting communication, translation, and mediation across the knowledge–action boundary. We believe that despite the challenges, conservation science should strive to be a boundary science, which both advances scientific understanding and contributes to decision making. Logrando que la Ciencia de la Conservación Trasponga la Frontera Conocimiento‐Acción     

近距离上保护层开采最小安全岩柱厚度研究

运用岩石力学知识和数值模拟方法,分析近距离保护层矩形掘进巷道周边的应力分布规律以及巷道塑性区范围的确定方法,并结合平煤集团五矿的保护层开采条件,利用FLAC数值计算程序对该矿近距离上保护层掘进期间不同岩柱厚度条件下的保护层底板塑性破坏范围进行数值模拟,在此基础上,提出合理确定保护层底板安全岩柱厚度的方法,现场观测结果表明,理论计算与数值模拟结果比较吻合,符合生产实际。